ART 155 EXAM 4 TERMS

Ravenna

new capital thats more defendable

Exedra (exedrae)

half moon rounded shapes

Apse

where the altar goes

Chi-Rho

a christogram; a way to write Christs name in an abbreviation

Justinian

byzantine emperor who’s plan was to glorify Constantinople

Theodora

woman who helps Justinian re-write the laws to promote a life of non-luxury and protect women and children

Pendentive

comes from the latin word “to hang”; architectural piers with arches to hold up buildings

Icon

“image” in Greek, byzantine icons are purely religious, portable, and made for personal devotion

Encaustic

medium/style of painting that uses hot beeswax

Iconoclast

believed that you could not have graven images of Christ

Iconophile

believed that you could have graven images of Christ

Triumph of Orthodoxy

returning to the tradition of image making after an iconophile is elected emperor

Theotokos

“mother of God”

Medieval/Middle Ages

1000 years between the fall of the Roman Empire and the start of the Italian Renaissance

Barbarians

used to describe those that aren’t Christian

Sutton Hoo

early medieval sight in south eastern England where ship burials are found

Cloisonne/Cloissons

combination of stained glass and mosaics

Heraldry/Heraldic

images in medieval art depicted human men in battle

Carolingian

seen as the inheritors of the leadership and dominance that the Roman Empire had

Vellum

made from calf skin (more expensive)

Parchment

made from any animal skin (less expensive)

Lindisfarne

illuminated manuscript with a collection of gospels made by monks

Hiberno-Saxon or Insular

meaning island

Scriptoria/Scriptorium

place where books are made

Provenance

the story of a work from when it was made until now

Carpet Pages

decorative pages with not text from the book (doesn’t include labels)

Colophon

page that contains publication info and data about publication

Evangelists

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John

Symbol of Matthew

man/angel

Symbol of Mark

Lion

Symbol of Luke

ox

Symbol of John

eagle

Romanesque

roman-like

Feudal System

hierarchical loyalty

Pilgrimages

a way that Christians can repent of use a mode of great prayer

Cult of the Relics

the body or a piece of the body of a saint

Reliquary

box that holds the relic

Radiating Chapels

used to store relics and reliquaries

Ambulatory/Circumambulatory

to walk; to walk around

Bay

measurement; one unit

Buttresses

external supports to walls of a church

Springing

extra arch on the inside to push weight outside

Groin Vault

two barrel vaults crossing each other

Sexpartite (ribbed groin) vaults

3 barrel vaults intersecting to create a six-sided shape

Portal

the entirety of the space around the exterior door

Archivolt

an archway over the lintel for decoration

Tympanum

space between the archivolt and lintel that has intense decoration

Door Jamb

bottom half on an archivolt

Mandorla

an almond shape where Jesus is often isolated to in decoration

Incrustation

heavily detailed exterior decoration

Abbot Suger

chief monk who renovated the church of Saint Denis

Lux Nova

“the new light”; effort to make churches an escape from everyday life

Flying Buttresses

buttresses that move walls away from the building to prevent shaddows

Tracery

skeletal stone work similar to leading in stained glass

Rose Window

massive circular window on one side of a church used to guide rosary prayers

Rayonnant Style

“radiant”; tall compact churches

Flamboyant Style

last movement of Gothic Period; harsh looking churches with lots of exterior spikes