Inspiration/Expiration/Lung Elasticity/Respiratory Dysfunction
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23 Terms
Which are the major inspiratory muscles during quiet breathing?
the diaphragm & external intercostal muscles
What happens when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract?
enlarges the thoracic cavity
How does the contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles affect intra-alveolar pressure?
decrease it
how does inspiration affect pressure and volume
increases alveolar volume
decreases alveolar pressure (below 760 mmHg)
During quiet breathing, expiration is usually….
passive process due to the elastic recoil of the lungs
Which muscles are involved to produced forced, active expiration?
contraction of the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles.
What happens when the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles contract?
It decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity &
increases IAP greater than Atm pressure
How does expiration affect pressure and volume?
decreases alveolar volume
increases alveolar pressure (above 760 mmHg)
What are the two interrelated concepts involved pulmonary elasticity?
Compliance & Elastic Recoil
Compliance
how much effort is required to stretch (expand on inhale) the lungs
High Compliance
stretches further from smaller increases in thoracic volume
Low compliance
stretches less, requires a bigger increase in thoracic volume
The less compliant the lungs are….
the more work is required to produce a give degree of inflation/expansion
Elastic recoil
how readily the lungs rebound after having been stretched
What is the Elastic recoil responsible for?
the lungs returning to their pre-inspiratory volume
What does Elastic recoil depend on?
elastin fibers in lung connective tissue & alveolar surface tension
What are the two respiratory dysfunctions/diseases?
Obstructive Lung Disease & Restrictive Lung disease
Obstructive Lung diseases have difficulty in…
emptying the lungs/exhale
Which pulmonary elasticity is compromised by Obstructive Lung Disease?
Elastic Recoil
What are some examples of Obstructive Lung Disease?
Chronic bronchitis, Asthma, & Emphysema
Restrictive Lung diseases have difficulty in…
filling the lungs/ Inhale
Which pulmonary elasticity is compromised by Restrictive Lung Disease?
Compliance
What are some examples of Restrictive Lung Disease
Asbestosis, Sarcoidosis, & Pulmonary fibrosis (scarring of the lung tissue)