Week 3: Early Childhood (1-6)

Gillooly

Developmental Milestones

• receptive and expressive language

• social skills

• mastering self-control

• self-image and sense of autonomy

Physical Milestones

• walking by 12-15 months; running by 2 years

• anterior fontanelle is closed by 18 months

• beginning to self-feed, dress, and undress self

• toilet training by 18 months

Pre-operational (Piaget)

a stage under piaget’s cognitive development theory

Magical Thinking

• piaget’s pre-operational (1-6) stage

• their imagination is rapidly growing

Egocentricism

• piaget’s pre-operational (1-6) stage

• seeing and understanding the world from only their own perspective without regard to others

  • essentially believing others believe the same things they do

Animism

• piaget’s pre-operational (1-6) stage

• thinking that objects are alive and have feelings

Lack of Conservation

• piaget’s pre-operational (1-6) stage

• they do not understand that the amount of substance remains the same even when its appearance changes

Irreversibility

• piaget’s pre-operational (1-6) stage

• believe that things cannot be reversed

Fast Mapping

• piaget’s pre-operational (1-6) stage

• when children try to determine the meaning of something new by guessing and modifying their definition as they learn more

  • like comparing new words to their pre-existing knowledge

Overregularization

• piaget’s pre-operational (1-6) stage

• when children apply regular grammatical rules to words that are exceptions

  • ex. mouses, foots, tooths, sheeps

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

• erikson’s psychosocial stage (1-3)

• where the child is learning how to act dependently and exploring the world on their own; they must be given the opportunities to do so or else they will feel like they are unable to do things

Initiative vs. Guilt

• erikson’s psychosocial stage (3-6)

• they are trying to master skills on their own and are initiating control themselves; if they are discouraged, they feel a sense of guilt

Guided Participation

• a part of vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

• when their mentor helps them arrive to the solutions or answers rather than telling them