CSE 4202: Database Systems Design & Information Management Systems 2 - Session 03

Vocabulary flashcards covering the evolution of database technology, various database models (hierarchical, networked, relational, spatial, etc.), parallel database metrics, and connectivity interfaces like ODBC and JDBC.

Hierarchical Database

A data model where data is stored as records linked in a tree-like, one-to-many structure consisting of a parent level and a child level.

Root record

The first record of a hierarchical database model from which all data traversal must begin.

Networked Database

A database model developed by Charles Bachman in 1969 that allows each child (member) to have multiple parents (owners), providing more flexibility than the hierarchical model.

Owners and Members

The terms used in a networked database to describe the parents (owners) and children (members) in a relationship.

Relational Database

A database based on the relational model that stores data in tables related to one another, where each row is a unique record and columns hold attributes.

Key

A unique ID identifying each row in a relational database table.

OODBMS

Object-Oriented Database Management Systems that work with complex data objects mirroring those used in object-oriented programming languages like Smalltalk or LISP.

Parallel Database

A system that seeks to improve performance by connecting multiple CPUs and disks in parallel to perform operations like loading data and evaluating queries.

Response time

The time taken to complete a single task for a given time in a parallel database environment.

Speed up

The process of increasing the degree of resource parallelism to complete a task in less time, calculated as $\text{Speed up} = \frac{TS}{TL}$.

Scale up

The ability to keep performance constant when the number of processes and resources increase proportionally, calculated as $\text{Scale Up} = \frac{TL}{TS}$.

Mobile Database

A portable database physically separate from the corporate server that can communicate from remote sites and is capable of functioning while disconnected.

Spatial Database

Also known as a geospatial database, it is optimized to store and query data representing objects defined in a geometric space, such as cities or road maps.

Vector data

A type of spatial data represented as discrete points, lines, and polygons.

Raster data

A type of spatial data represented as a matrix of square cells.

Multimedia Database

A collection of interrelated data including text, graphics, images, animations, video, and audio managed by a specialized framework.

Distributed Database

A collection of multiple interconnected databases spread physically across various locations that communicate via a computer network.

Homogeneous Database

A distributed database where all different sites store the database identically.

Heterogeneous Database

A distributed database where different sites use different schemas and software, which can lead to query processing and transaction problems.

Replication

A distributed database storage method where the entire relationship is stored redundantly at two or more sites.

Fragmentation

A storage method where relations are split into parts and stored at various sites where they are required.

Horizontal fragmentation

Splitting a relation into fragments based on rows.

Vertical fragmentation

Splitting a relation into fragments based on columns.

Middleware

The mechanisms, such as database connectivity interfaces, through which application programs connect and communicate with data repositories.

ODBC (Open Database Connectivity)

A standard application programming interface (API) developed in the early 1990s for accessing database management systems.

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)

An API and programming-level interface that allows Java applications to communicate with a wide range of data sources like RDBMSs and spreadsheets.

CODASYL

Conference on Data Systems Languages; the organization associated with the development of the Network Model in the 1960s.

E.F. Codd

The IBM researcher who proposed the Relational Database Model in the 1970s.