Pulmonary Disease Chapter 23: Pneumothorax

pneumothorax

when gas (sometimes called "free air") accumulates in the pleural space

True

True or False: Pneumothorax enhances lung recoil forces and can lead to atelectasis

decreases venous return

Pneumothorax causes compression of the great veins. How will this affect cardiac venous return?

closed pneumothorax (from the inside)

gas in the pleural space that is not in direct contact with the atmosphere

open pneumothorax (from the outside)

the pleural space is in direct contact with the atmosphere such that gas can move freely in and out

tension pneumothorax

when the intrapleural pressure exceeds the intra-alveolar (or atmospheric) pressure

Traumatic pneumothorax

penetrating wounds to the chest wall from a knife, a bullet, or an impaling object in a car crash would cause a...

spontaneous pneumothorax

pneumothorax that occurs suddenly without any obvious underlying cause

Iatrogenic pneumothorax

pneumothorax that occurs during specific diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; always a hazard during positive pressure ventilation

FASLE: a traumatic pneumothorax would be considered an open pneumothorax

True or False: a traumatic pneumothorax would be considered a closed pneumothorax

yes;no

could we see hemoptysis in pneumothorax? is it life-threatening?

decreased

would lung expansion be increased or decreased in pneumothorax

increases

when lung compliance decreases, the ventilatory rate...

yes

could a patient with a pneumothorax be cyanotic?

Hyperresonant

describe a pneumothorax percussion note

diminished

what breath sound would you hear over a pneumothorax?

push away from the affected side

how would a pneumothorax shift the trachea?

-Increased translucency on the affected side

-mediastinal shift away from the affected side

-depressed diaphragm

-atelectasis

name 3 radiologic findings on a pneumothorax chest x-ray

True

True or False: The management of a pneumothorax depends on the degree of lung collapse

15-20%

what is the percentage range for degree of lung collapse in a "relatively small" pneumothorax?

-bed rest

-limited physical activity

how would we manage a "relatively small: pneumothorax?

-removal of air by needle aspiration

-chest tubes

name 2 ways we would treat a pneumothorax larger than 20%