History summer exams

What are the three stages of learning in History?

Knowledge Understanding Evaluation

What did William I gain control of?

England

What was the Battle of Hastings?

A battle in 1066 between Duke of Normandy vs Harold Godwinson King of England

Who was Lanfranc?

A Lombard scholar and Archbishop of Canterbury

What did Lanfranc do?

He reformed Harold's army and introduced short fighting the Battle of Stamford Bridge He introduced the feudal system He was William's advisor on Church matters He helped with the Domesday Book Ending up William's victory and subsequent coronation as King of England

What is Royal Authority?

The power and control exercised by a monarch over their kingdom

What did Stone Castles replace?

Stone Castles replaced wooden structures, more permanent and formidable

What was the Domesday Book?

A comprehensive survey of England's lands and resources for taxation and control

What is Rewarding Loyal People?

Land Grants Distribution of land fiefs to Norman nobles and knights, Feudal System Hierarchical structure where land was granted in exchange for military service and loyalty

What is Feudal System?

A hierarchical social structure based on land ownership and obligations

What did Vassals provide?

Vassals provided military support and governance in specific territories

What did Tenants-in-chief do?

Tenants-in-chief held land directly from the king and managed large estates

What is Primogeniture?

The practice of the eldest son inheriting the family estate

What is Patronage?

Comprehensive survey of landholdings and resources in England

What did the Domesday Book do?

Domesday Book Detailed record of land ownership resources and obligations

What was the purpose of the Domesday Book?

To assess taxable assets understand the kingdom's wealth and consolidate William's control by documenting land distribution

What is the Bayeux Tapestry?

An embroidered cloth portraying the events leading up to and including the Norman Conquest of England in 1066

What are the preparations for the invasion shown in the Bayeux Tapestry?

The preparations for the invasion and the battle itself

What does the Bayeux Tapestry show about Harold?

The Bayeux Tapestry shows Harold swearing an oath to William, becoming king of England, and dying at the Battle of Hastings, portraying him as an oath-breaker from the Norman perspective.

Why is the Bayeux Tapestry arguably an Unreliable Source?

It was commissioned by Bishop Odo a Norman and half-brother of William the Conqueror which suggests a biased perspective favouring William the Conqueror

What is the purpose of the Bayeux Tapestry?

The tapestry was created to justify the Norman Conquest and portray the Norman perspective potentially exaggerating or omitting certain events to favour the Normans

What does Selective Storytelling mean?

The tapestry omits certain events and details that might have been inconvenient or contradictory to the Norman narrative

What is Artistic Interpretation?

The tapestry is a work of art not a written historical document artistic choices and symbolism may not always align with historical accuracy

What is Symbolism?

The tapestry uses symbolic imagery that may not be literal representations of events

What is Lack of Contemporary Accounts?

There are limited contemporary written records to corroborate the tapestry's depiction of events

What is the conclusion about the Bayeux Tapestry?

The Bayeux Tapestry is a valuable historical artifact that provides insight into the Norman Conquest but its reliability as a purely factual historical source is questionable due to its commissioned nature potential bias and artistic interpretation

Who was Thomas Becket?

Archbishop of Canterbury and King Henry II son

What was the conflict between Thomas Becket and Henry II?

Conflict Between Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury and King Henry II over church authority and royal power

What were Becket's actions?

Becket's excommunication of Henry's supporters Refusal to accept royal authority over the Church

What was the outcome of the conflict between TB and H1?

Becket's murder in Canterbury Cathedral

What was the date of Becket's murder?

December 29 1170

What was the location of Becket's murder?

Canterbury Cathedral

What is the significance of Becket's death?

Becket became a martyr for the dying old Henry's frustrated outlook

What does the Bayeux words may have incited mean?

His angry words may have incited the knights but he did not explicitly order the murder

What does Interpretation mean?

The phrase Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest is open to interpretation

What does Reaction mean?

Henry's horror at the murder highlighted the ongoing struggle between ecclesiastical and royal authority

What did Eleanor of Aquitaine reveal about medieval women?

That women could wield significant power and influence in medieval society

What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's role?

She was a key figure in two of the most powerful royal courts in Europe, France and England

What did Eleanor of Aquitaine's involvement show?

Her involvement in politics culture and military affairs challenged the male-dominated power structures of the time

What did Eleanor of Aquitaine participate in?

Participated in the Second Crusade demonstrating the involvement of women in significant historical events

What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's role as Queen?

She served as Queen of France and later Queen of England

What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's role as mother?

Children Mother to Richard the Lionheart and King John influencing future monarchs

What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's role in culture?

Her life illustrates the complexities of medieval gender roles, the role of noblewomen and the interplay between personal agency and societal constraints

What is King John's nickname?

Bad King John

What was Magna Carta?

A charter of rights agreed to by King John in 1215

What did Magna Carta establish?

Protection of barons' rights, Limitations on royal power, Foundation for the rule of law

What is the significance of Magna Carta?

Cornerstone document Temporary peace between King John and rebellious barons Long-term impact Influenced constitutional development and the concept of limited government inspired future documents like the US Constitution

What was the Black Death?

A devastating pandemic that swept through Europe in the mid-14th century

When did the Black Death reach Britain?

1348

What was the impact of the Black Death?

killed half of Europe's population, weakened feudalism, gave peasants more power, reduced the Church's influence, and helped end the Middle Ages.

What were the Long Term Consequences of the Black Death?

Economic Transformation Contributed to the decline of the feudal system and the rise of a more market-based economy Social Mobility Labour shortages allowed some peasants to demand better wages and conditions leading to increased social mobility