Napoleon: Alazmora

what was the major city for Neo Classical art (1750-1815)?

Paris

characteristics of Neo Classical

1. resembles greek / roman

2. political art work (propaganda)

who were the famous Neo Classical musicians?

1. Beethoven

2. Mozart

who was the famous painter of the Neo Classical period? who did he usually paint?

1. J.L. David

2. portraits of Napoleon

who was the famous sculptor of the Neo Classical period?

Canova

who was the famous architect of the Neo Classical period?

Thomas Jefferson

who built Washington D.C.

Pierre Charles L’Enfant

what was the Arc de Triomphe’s purpose?

to have Napoleon’s military parades

where was Napoleon from?

Corsica

Corsica was originally part of ____ but was sold to France so the people hated the French and started a revolt

Italy

who was the failed Corsican independence leader?

Pasquale Paoli

what was Napoleon’s nickname?

Little Corporal

Napoleon was sent to which military school? and for what was he teased for there?

1. Brienne Military School

2. speaking French w/ Italian accent

who was Josephine?

1. Napoleon’s first wife & love of his life

2. older woman (had fam/husband died in Reign of Terror)

3. Napoleon eventually divorced her for not giving him a son

who was Marie Louise?

1. Napoleon’s second

2. Hapsburg (gave him status)

3. gave him a son (Napoleon II)

what did his father make Napoleon II king of

King of Rome (nepotism)

who was Joseph

1. Napoleon’s brother

2. put him on the throne of Spain after he invaded

who was Louis?

1. Napoleon’s brother

2. made him King of Holland

3. gave birth to Napoleon III

what was Napoleon’s favorite subject?

geometry (rational ideas)

what did Napoleon start to do in military school?

1. introduced enlightenment ideas into the military

2. studied artillery

3. divide & conquer

what became Napoleon’s mantra?

“an army travels on its stomach”

what happened at Toulon?

Napoleon made his claim to fame

what got Napoleon thrown in jail? what happened when he got out?

1. he knew Robespierre’s brother

2. Whiff of Grapeshot (promoted to general)

what happened during the Italy Campaign?

1. crossed Alps on a donkey (not a horse)

2. organized & unified Northern Italy into the Cisalpine Republic

3. stole a ton of things from Venice

what was the famous battle in Italy?

Battle of Arcola

why did Napoleon invade Egypt?

1. disrupt British trade with India

2. fascinated with Ancient Egypt (took artists & scientists with him)

Battle of the Pyramids

1. not near the pyramids

2. success for Napoleon

what was the Battle of the Nile? who was the English hero?

1. one of the most decisive naval battles where the British destroyed the French

2. Horatio Nelson

what happened after the Battle of the Nile

1. Napoleon knew he couldn’t supply his troops because the English had taken the waters

2. he abandoned his army & went back to Paris

3. told them that he was successful

what was the Institute of Egypt?

1. scholars & artists that Napoleon brought that studied ancient Egypt

2. found Rosetta Stone (three languages on it)

what was the coup?

when Napoleon returned from Egypt, his friends suggested he over throw the government, so he had his troops surround the Directory and then had them vote to dissolve it (since it was inefficient)

what was the form of government put in place after the Directory?

1. a group of three consuls

2. Napoleon quickly became the major consul & acted as dictator

what were Napoleon’s famous quotes?

1. “history is a set of lies that people have agreed upon”

2. “the revolution is over, I am the revolution”

what did the Napoleonic Code of Law say?

1. men were the head of their houses

2. women had no rights

3. slavery was brought back

what did Napoleon do for infrastructure (Keynes)?

1. built Madeleine

2. streets were numbered odd on one side, even on the other

how did Napoleon centralize France’s government?

1. national banking system

2. dismissed corrupt officials

3. said church couldn’t interfere with the government

what were lycées

public schools

what was the concordant with the pope?

1. agreement to bring back the Catholic Church

2. brought Napoleon more power

Napoleon crowned himself Emperor in 1804 with the crown of ____ in ___ ___, even though he invited the ___

1. Charlemagne

2. Notre Dame

3. pope

why did Napoleon invade Spain in the Peninsular Campaign

1. wanted to bring Enlightenment ideas to Spain

2. thought he would be a hero (but the Spanish hated him- nationalism)

how did the Spanish (Spanish Ulcer) keep damaging the French army, even after Napoleon put his brother Joseph on the throne?

Guerrilla Warfare (hit & run tactics)

who were the leaders in Latin America that Napoleon encouraged to revolt against Spain?

1. Simon Boliver

2. San Martin

what was Haiti formerly known as? why was their revolution so impressive?

1. Saint Domingue

2. no military experience yet fought off three empires (French, Spanish, & British)

who was the leader of the revolt in Haiti? what was his nickname?

1. Toussaint

2. the Black George Washington

how did Toussaint start the war?

sought out peace at first but after he was turned down, he unleashed their power and constantly burned down the sugar fields that made them prosperous

what did Toussaint’s constitution do? where did he die?

1. made him governor for life

2. a cell in France

what did Napoleon ask for Haiti’s independence?

to pay for damages (now poorest nation in the western hemisphere)

what was the Louisiana Purchase?

1. Napoleon sold his territory in the Americas to Jefferson (for 15 mil)

2. because of the loss of Haiti

what was Austerlitz (1805) also known as? who did France defeat?

1. the Battle of the Three Emperors

2. Austria & Russia

what was Austerlitz?

1. Napoleon’s greatest victory (divided & conquered)

2. France was outnumbered but only lost a few thousand troops

3. secured his place as emperor

4. led to Vendome Column being built

what was the Confederation of the Rhine?

what Napoleon unified all the German speaking states into

what lead up to the Battle of Trafalgar

Napoleon wanting to invade England but knew he would have to take out their navy first

what was the Battle of Trafalgar?

1. when Admiral Nelson used Crossing the T to take out the French

2. British were outnumbered

3. HMS Victory (Nelson’s) led the Ships of the Line to victory

4. English took out 2/3 of the French fleet

what did Horatio Nelson say? how did he die? what happened after that?

1. “England excepts every man to do his duty”

2. only causality at Trafalgar (for Brits)

3. crew wanted to preserve his body for special burial so they put him in rum

War of 1812

1. America VS Britain

2. for impressment (British were taking sailors from American ships so they could fight against Napoleon)

what was the Continental System? what did it lead to?

1. Napoleon’s strategy to weaken the British economy & ban trade between Britain & all other countries he was involved with

2. lead to Portuguese & Russian Campaigns (wouldn’t stop trading)

what did the royals do when Napoleon was conquering Portugal? what did this lead to?

1. moved to Rio de Janiero & named it the capital so Napoleon could never say he fully conquered them

2. after they left, they gave Brazil independence

when did the French set out for Russia? what was their plan?

1. June 24, 1812

2. planned to quickly take out Russian army

how many troops did Napoleon start with?

no one actually knows cause it he kept making numbers up (about 600,000)

what did the Russians keep doing as Napoleon followed deeper into Russia? who was the czar behind it?

1. the scorched-earth policy (said Napoleon did it though)

2. Alexander I

what is the scorched-earth policy?

when Russian troops would burn field, towns, & livestock so that when France ran out of supplies, they couldn’t use Russia's

what was the most famous battle of the Russian campaign? who won?

1. Borodino

2. Napoleon

what happened when Napoleon reached Moscow (Russia’s Holy City)?

it was already burning but stayed there for about a month before retreating

what did most men die of?

disease (typhus & dysentery)

what happened on the retreat from Russia?

1. Russian raiders attacked them

2. Napoleon abandoned his men again

3. 30,000 survived

what happened when Napoleon got back from Russia?

1. he tried to poison himself

2. all major powers were against him (Britain, Prussia, Sweden, & Austria)

what happened after Fredwick William III of Prussia & Czar Alexander I successfully invaded Paris?

1. Napoleon was forced to abdicate his throne

2. exiled to Elbe

who was Louis XVIII? what did the people think of him?

1. Louis XVI’s brother who got the throne after Napoleon

2. many thought he wanted to undo the enlightenment

what was the 100 Days? what did the troops do who were sent to arrest Napoleon? how did other nations respond?

1. the period when Napoleon escaped Elbe & returned to rule

2. joined him

3. Britain & Prussia got ready for war even though Napoleon asked for peace

what was the Battle of Waterloo? who was the English hero? who was the Prussian hero?

1. Napoleon’s plan to stop the Prussian & British armies from coming together

2. Duke of Wellington

3. Blucher

events of Waterloo

1. France fought Prussians first & succeeded

2. large rainstorms happened the next

3. Napoleon attacked British in Belgium

4. Prussians came back because of the rain and overpowered Napoleon

what is St. Helena

island in the South Atlantic where Napoleon was exiled after Waterloo & where he died of stomach cancer in 1821

who wrote the Stars Spangled Banner?

Scott Francis Keys

how did Napoleon influence culture?

1. War & Peace (Tolstory)

2. 3rd Symphony (Beethoven)

3. 1812 Overture (Tchaikovsky)

what was the Congress of Vienna?

major powers in Europe came together to fix Europe after Napoleon messed it up

who was the leading figure at the Congress of Vienna?

Metternich

what were the major ideas of the Congress of Vienna?

1. balance of powers

2. restore legitimate rulers (monarchy)

was the Congress of Vienna successful?

yes, for a while, but it took away human rights