[ANA] BASIC LABORATORY SAFETY

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Hazards

• Source of causing potential harm

• biological material being handled in the laborator

Risk

• The potential that a chosen action will lead to an underside outcome

• Can be the biological material or the potential adversary

Biological Hazard

This type of hazard comes from infectious agents and may lead to bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections

Sharp Hazards; blood borne pathogens

This type of hazard comes from needles, lancelets, and broke glass and may lead to cuts and punctures or exposure to _______

preservatives and reagents

Chemical hazards comes from ______and_____and may lead to exposure to poisonous carcinogen

Safety Data Sheet

• Under Hazards Communication Standard

• Sometimes found in the label of the chemical

• Follows Globally Harmonized System

danger; warning

Harmonized Signal word signalling a. hazard is severe and b. hazard is less severe

GHS pictogram

• symbol about the information of the hazard.

• white background, red diamond frame

Hazard statement

nature of hazard

Precautionary statement

Under Globally Harmonized System, a statement that is used as measures to prevent adverse effects of improper handling

Radioactive hazards; equipment and radioisotopes

• Type of hazard that comes from _____ and ____.

• Risks of overexposure to radiation

Dosimeter badge

• Must wear at all times if in a radioactive setting

• Gets excess radiation;

• monitors accumulated exposure

Electrical hazards; undergrounded or wet equipment

Type of hazard sourced from ____ or _____, risk of burns or shock

True

TRUE OR FALSE: All electrical equipment must be grounded with 3 pronged plugs

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish or evacuate

Incase of fire, What is RACE?

Pull pin, Aim at base, Squeeze handles, Sweep side to side

How to operate fire extinguisher? Hint: PASS

Fire/Explosive Hazards

This type of hazard comes from open flames and organic chemicals. Risk of burns or dismemberment

Foam, Dry chemical, Halon

Enumerate types of extinguishers used for Class B fire

Combustible metals; lithium and potassium

Give name and Examples of Class D fire

Physical Hazards

Type of hazard sourced from wet floors, long hair, and ergonomic hazards

Segregation, packaging, handling and storage, transportation, treatment and disposal

List correct segregation of waste

Combustible materials like paper and wood

What type of fire does water put out?

Flammable liquids; grease and gasoline

Class B type of fire and examples

Potassium-based alkaline liquid

Used to put out Cooking Oils (Class K)

Infectious agent

Causative agent

Reservoir

Where infection agent thrives

Portal of Exit; nose, mouth, specimen collection

Manner of where the infectious agent leaves the host; examples?

Means of transmission

Direct and indirect transmission of virus

Airborne, vehicle, vector

Indirect transmission is composed of..

Portal of entry; fecal oral route

How the agent goes into new host; give example

Susceptible Host; Immunization and healthy lifestyle

Old, young, immunocompromised; break the link?

Occupational safety and health administration

Organization aims to promote safety for HCWs and their environment by making standards and regulations

Center for disease control and prevention

Agency that conducts and supports health prevention, promotions, and preparedness activities

Clinical laboratory standards institute

provides the guidelines and standard procedures

Universal precautions

• 1985 by cdc

• complete ppe

• all blood, most body fluids

• Treats all specimen as highly-infectious

Body substance isolation

States to wear gloves when coming into contact with all body fluids/substances

Standard precautions

• 1996 by cdc, mix of both

Antimicrobial soap and water

Hand hygiene if visibly soiled

Alcohol 70% isoprophyl

Hand hygiene if not visibly soiled

Gloves

PPE used during interaction that involves blood and body fluids

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Lab gowns must be fluid resistant

Traditional laboratory gowns

• must be buttoned

• used in schools: biosafety 1

Rear-fastening gown

• PPE used for larger critical zones

• better option in terms of laboratory gowns

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE: face shield only covers front of eyes and face

N95

Which face mask is approved by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health?

Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens standard

• Prepared by OSHA in 1991

• practice universal and standard precaution

• prohibits needle recapping

engineering control, work practice control, personal protective equipment, medical, documentation

5 Components of occupational safety and health administration bloodborne pathogen standard

Post exposure prophylaxis

should there be accidental incidents, this is done to ensure appropriate ___ is done within 24 hrsH

Mitigation control measures

Includes the hierarchy of controls

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: For the treatment part of segregation of waste you can throw liquids away if its treated well and solids can go to landfills

Elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment

List the Hierarchy of controls

Electrical equipment; appliances

Class C fire and examples

Cooking oils; grease and animal oil

Class K and examples