BIOL 1201 Chp 15 Vocab

Chromosome theory of inheritance

that chromosomes exist and are passed on from parent to child, containing the DNA.

Wild type

Normal phenotypes.

Sex-linked

When a trait is on either sex chromosome.

X-linked

Genes on the X chromosome.

Barr body

The inactivated X chromosome.

Linked genes

Genes on the same chromosome.

Genetic recombination

The production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from either parent.

Parental types

Offspring with a phenotype like the parent.

Recombinant types (recombinants)

Offspring with non-parental types.

Genetic maps

An ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome.

Linkage map

Genetic map of a chromosome based on recombination frequencies.

Map units

1% recombination frequency.

Nondisjunction

Pairs of homologous chromosomes do not separate normally during meiosis.

Aneuploidy

Abnormal number of a particular chromosome.

Monosomic

zygote has only one copy of a particular chromosome.

Trisomic

zygote has three copies of a particular chromosome.

Polyploidy

A condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

Deletion

Removes a chromosomal fragment.

Duplication

Repeats a segment.

Inversion

Reverses orientation of a segment within a chromosome.

Translocation

Moves a segment from one chromosome to another.