Module 9: Fluency

What are normal disfluencies in speech?

Repeating, pausing, and prolonging of sounds typical in the speech of young children.

What characterizes stuttering?

Abnormally high frequency or duration of stoppages in the flow of speech.

What are audible overt behaviors associated with stuttering?

Repetition of sounds, prolongations, blocks, and interjections.

What does losing eye contact and tensing facial muscles indicate?

These are visible overt behaviors associated with stuttering.

What are some covert reactions experienced by individuals who stutter?

Frustration, anxiety, anger, and guilt.

What conditions increase stuttering?

Challenges include saying their name and the word 'I', waiting to introduce themselves, and public speaking.

What is fluency shaping?

An approach to reduce or eliminate stuttering through changes in respiration.

What are some techniques used in fluency shaping?

Deliberate slow speaking, pausing, and light articulatory contacts.

What does stuttering modification focus on?

Recognizing and confronting fears to manage stuttering.

What are some techniques involved in stuttering modification?

Cancelation phase, pull out phase, and preparatory sets.

What should be the focus areas for adult treatment of stuttering?

Identifying internal and external motivations.

How is stuttering assessed?

Through a speech sample and parent/child interviews.

What types of questions might be asked in a stuttering assessment?

Questions about how individuals perceive the problem versus how others see it.

What are the effects of stuttering throughout the lifespan?

Struggles with communication with peers and issues related to self-esteem.

Which two words are considered the most challenging for individuals who stutter?

Their name and the word 'I'.

How does public speaking affect individuals who stutter?

It can increase anxiety and pressure, exacerbating stuttering.

What role does anxiety play in stuttering?

Anxiety can build up, especially when waiting to introduce oneself.

What is the relevance of light articulatory contacts in fluency shaping?

It helps in reducing tension and improving speech flow.

What visible behaviors may indicate a person is stuttering?

Clenching of fists, tapping a foot, or rapidly blinking eyes.

Why is understanding both internal and external motivations important in treating stuttering?

It can enhance the effectiveness of the treatment plan.