Geography urban issues and challenges

What is urbanisation?

The increase of proportion of people living in urban areas (cities).

What is the difference between LICs/NEEs and HICs in urbanisation?

LICs/NEEs are experiencing rapid urban growth now, while HICs urbanised earlier and are now slower growing.

What is a megacity?

A city with over 10 million people.

Give two causes of rapid urbanisation in LICs/NEEs.

Rural-urban migration (push/pull factors) and natural increase (high birth rates).

Why is natural increase important in city growth?

Young populations in cities lead to high birth rates, increasing population further.

What is a favela? (Rio de Janeiro NEE City)

An informal settlement with poor-quality housing, often built illegally.

K-study Rio de Janerio (NEE city) give one social challenge in Rio?

Crime (linked to poverty and inequality).

Give one economic challenge in Rio.

High unemployment or low-paid informal jobs.

Give one environmental challenge in Rio.

Air and water pollution (e.g. sewage in rivers).

What is the Favela Bairro Project?

A scheme to improve favelas by providing sanitation, roads, and services.

Evaluate Favela Bairro (Grade 9 tip).

Improved quality of life but didn’t solve overcrowding or inequality fully.

What causes housing shortages in rapidly growing cities?

Too many migrants and not enough affordable housing.