bio lab

What are the three main components of cell theory?

1. All living things are made of cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Name four common features of all cells.

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes.

What is the purpose of the microscope lab?

To learn how to use a microscope, observe prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells, and identify bacteria, animal, and plant cells.

What are chloroplasts, and in which type of cells are they found?

Chloroplasts are oval-shaped organelles found in plant cells that are involved in photosynthesis.

List the four types of macromolecules.

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

What does the Benedict’s Test detect?

The Benedict’s Test detects sugars, turning orange if sugar is present.

What is the main outcome of glycolysis in cellular respiration?

Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate while producing 2 ATP and NADH.

What occurs during the Krebs Cycle?

Acetyl-CoA is converted to CO₂, NADH, FADH₂, ATP during the Krebs Cycle.

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration produces a lot of ATP, CO₂, and water while anaerobic respiration produces less ATP and yields lactic acid or ethanol + CO₂.

Describe the process of photosynthesis in terms of energy.

Photosynthesis is an anabolic process that builds glucose.

What happens during lactic acid fermentation?

Lactic acid fermentation converts pyruvate into lactic acid, which occurs in muscles.

List the steps of the scientific method.

1. Question 2. Research 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Collect Data 6. Conclusion 7. Share Results.

What is the role of the control group in an experiment?

The control group shows if results are due to the variable being tested.

What safety precautions should be taken when working with biological matter in the lab?

Wear gloves and ensure proper disposal of biological matter.