03. Transition metal complexes

What is the bonds transition metals to other species

Coordinate bond

What is a ligand?

The species a transition metals bonds to

What is a complex?

The product of a ligand bonding to something

Draw [Al(OH)₄]⁻

Drawn

Why is [Al(OH)₄]⁻ complex anion?

Each OH has -1 charge

What is the overall charge of [Al(OH)₄]⁻ complex?

1-

What is the charge on each of the ligands of [Al(OH)₄]⁻?

1-

What is the charge of the metal ion in the complex of [Al(OH)₄]⁻?

3+

Give 2 rules about writing the chemical formula of complexes

1) place in square brackets

2) calculate charge and place outside of brackets

What does a ligand need in order to bond to a transition metal ion?

Lone pair of electrons

Where does a ligand attach to in a transition metal compound and why?

Attaches to d orbitals as there is space to accept electrons as only partially filled

What are the 2 types of ligands?

Negative and neutral

What are the 2 shapes of transition metals complexes? Which is more common?

Tetrahedral or octahedral, with octahedral being more common

Draw an octahedral complex

Drawn

Draw a tetrahedral complex

Drawn

What are the 3 factors that can determine a complex’s shape?

1) size of metal ion - bigger metal = more ligands can fit

2) size of ligands - more ligands = less can fit

3) oxidation state of metal - more d orbitals electrons = less ligands can fit