HOSA- Human Growth and Development

Human development

The way people change from birth to adulthood

Physical development

The change in size, body composition, chemical makeup, and height

Gross-motor skills

Large muscles movements (walking, crawling, jumping

fine-motor skills

Small muscle movement (cutting with scissors, keyboard typing)

cognition

actions/processes involving thinking and knowing

socio-emotional development

changes in the way a persons social relationships, feelings, social skills, self-esteem, gender identity, and ways of coping with situations change over time.

heredity

traits people are born with

Factors causing differences in human development

heredity, environment

Maslows theory of human needs

physical needs, security, love and acceptance, esteem, self-actualization

continuity

developmental changes are relatively slow and steady

discontinuity

development is spurred by aburpt changes

pedagogy

* Human growth and development relies heavily on another person guiding/monitering learning
* teacher/parent directed method of learning.

andragogy

self directed learning from environment

Eriksons stages of psychosocial development

Trust vs. Mistrust

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

initiative vs. guilt

industry vs. inferiority

identity vs. Identity confusion

intimacy vs. isolation

generativity vs. stagnation

integrity vs. despair

Eriksons Psychosocial development stages

People must successfully resolve a psychological/social conflict before moving to the next stage

Piagets stages of congnitive development

sensorimotor, preoperationl, concrete operational, formal operational

sensorimotor stage

birth-2

learn through senses

preoperational

2-7

learn to communicate through language/symbols

concrete operational

7-11

understand behaviors and consequences

formal operational

11+

become logical, concrete, and have abstract thoughts

Vygotsky

Social interaction is critical to cognitive development

socioculteral theory

Albert Bandura

social cognitive theory

social cognitive theory

Reactions to rewards and punishments are filtered by peoples perceptions.

Genes

Part of your DNA found in every body cell.

genetics

the study of genes

ecological theory

assigning traits/behaviors based on environment

ethological theory

assigning traits/behaviors based on biology

descriptive studies

use of information that describe people and situations such as age, attitudes, or behaviors.

manipulative experiments

data collected by keeping all the variables that affect behavior the same except for one.

cross-sectional studies

comparing groups of various ages at the same time.

NUclear family

A husband, wife, and their biological children

Extended family

several generations living under one roof

The family lifecycle

* the beginning stage
* the childbearing stage
* the parenting stage
* the launching stage
* the mid-years stage
* the aging stage

Multiculturalism

cultural identities should not be ignored but maintained/valued

ethnicity

A persons identity with a particular racial, national, or cultural group and support of that groups beliefs

social system

organization of individuals into groups based on characteristic patterned relationships

natural environment

all living/nonliving things on earth not influenced by people

human constructed environment

products produced for consumers to use

human behavioral environment