hematologic system

Hematopoiesis

Formation of blood cells.

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Red bone marrow.

Function of red bone marrow?

Produces RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.

Function of RBCs?

Carry oxygen via hemoglobin.

Main component carrying oxygen?

Hemoglobin (Hgb).

Low RBCs can cause?

Anemia.

Function of WBCs?

Fight infection.

Low WBC = ?

Leukopenia.

High WBC = ?

Leukocytosis.

Function of platelets?

Clot formation.

Low platelets = ?

Thrombocytopenia.

Function of spleen?

Filters blood and removes old RBCs.

Lymph system function?

Fluid drainage + immune defense.

Symptoms of hematologic problems?

Fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, dizziness, palpitations, bleeding history.

Pallor suggests?

Anemia.

Petechiae?

Tiny red/purple spots caused by low platelets.

Ecchymosis?

Bruising.

Definition of anemia?

Decreased oxygen carrying capacity.

Manifestations of iron deficiency anemia?

Fatigue, pallor, SOB, glossitis, brittle nails, pica.

Low serum iron indicates?

Iron deficiency.

Low ferritin indicates?

Depleted iron stores.

Vitamin C is taken with iron to?

Enhance absorption.

Avoid taking iron with?

Milk, antacids, calcium.

Common side effects of iron?

Constipation, dark stools, GI upset.

Teaching for liquid iron?

Use straw and brush teeth afterward.

Causes of folic acid deficiency?

Poor intake, alcohol, pregnancy, malabsorption.

Manifestations of aplastic anemia?

Fatigue, infection risk, bleeding risk, petechiae.

Acute blood loss examples?

Trauma, surgery, GI bleed.

Chronic blood loss examples?

Heavy menses, GI bleeding.

CBC low hemoglobin indicates?

Anemia.

CBC low hematocrit indicates?

Anemia or volume depletion.

Rh positive means?

Has Rh antigen.

High bilirubin suggests?

RBC destruction or liver problems.

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent?

Epoetin alfa.

Action of aspirin?

Prevents platelet aggregation.

Common side effects of aspirin?

Bleeding, GI irritation, tinnitus toxicity.

Monitor PT/INR for?

Warfarin therapy.

Monitor PTT for?

Heparin therapy.

Bone marrow biopsy evaluates?

Blood cell production.

Use of vitamin B12?

B12 deficiency / pernicious anemia.

Symptoms of B12 deficiency?

Fatigue, glossitis, neurologic symptoms.

Use of folate?

Folate deficiency.

Teaching on folate?

Increase leafy greens.

Clopidogrel action?

Prevents platelet aggregation.

Monitor for clopidogrel?

Bleeding, bruising, GI bleed.

Symptoms of chronic blood loss include?

Gradual fatigue, weakness, iron deficiency.