Micro Ch. 19- Disease of the Skin and Eyes

MRSA

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

Skin & soft tissue infection

Direct & indirect contact

Impetigo

Skin flakes and peels

S. aureus or S. pyogenes

Exfoliative toxins A & B

Cellulitis

Caused by MRSA, S. pyogenes

Mode of Transmission: parenteral implantation

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Direct and droplet contact

Exfoliative toxins A & B

Split in skin

Left open to more infections

Systemic form of impetigo

Gas Gangrene

Aka clostridial myonecrosis

Caused by gram positive endoscope forming bacterium, clostridium perfringens

2 forms:

anaerobic cellulitis: localized and more treatable

True myonecrosis: spreads to healthy tissue

Vesicular or pustular rash diseases

Chickenpox, small pox, monkeypox, hand foot mouth disease

Chickenpox

Caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) or HHV-3

vaccine : virivax

Shingles

Reactivation of latent HHV-3

Vaccine = shingrix

Smallpox

Variola virus

2 forms

Viriola major: highly virulent, leads to toxemia, shock

Viriola minor: rash is less dense

Hand, foot, and mouth disease

Caused by viruses in enterovirus (intestinal) group

Coxsackievirus

Maculopapular Rash Disease

Measles, rubella, 5th disease, roseola

Measles

Aka rubeola

Measles virus

Rubella

Rubella virus

Aka German measles

Serious damage for fetus- causes miscarriage or defects

Postnatal rubella: respiratory, virus enters bloodstream

5th disease

Erythema infectiosum

Slapped cheek appearance

Caused by parvovirus B19

Causes spontaneous abortion

Roseola

Human herpesvirus 6

Young kids and babies

molluscum contagious

Smooth waxy nodules

greater in overcrowded and tropic areas

Warts

Human papillomaviruses

Aka papillomas

Common (seed) wart: painless elevated growths

Plantar warts: deep and painful on soles of feet

Flat warts: smooth skin colored lesions

Leishmaniasis

Zoonosis- female sand flies

Cutaneous leishmaniasis: localized in skin capillaries

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: skin and mucus membrane

Cutaneous anthrax

Caused by Bacillus anthracis

Endosperm contact

Forms black eschar

Cutaneous infections

Trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton

Direct and indirect contact, vehicle (soil)

Superficial infections

Aka tinea versicolor

Caused by malassezia species

Endogenous (normal biota)

Normal biota in eyes

Corynebacterium, staphylococcus epidermis, micrococcus, and streptococcus species

Conjunctivitis

Infection of the conjunctiva

Bacterial infection: milky discharge

Viral infection: clear exudate Adenoviruses

Allergic response: copious amounts of clear fluid

Neonatal conjunctivitis

Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Oral antibiotics

Ocular trachoma

Caused by chllamydia trachomatis

Keratitis

More serious than conjunctivitis

Herpes simples virus

Acanthamoeba: found in tap and freshwater lakes

River blindness

Chronic parasitic infection

Wolbachia plus onchocerca volvulus

From black fly (can see worms in eye)

Staphylococcus aureus

MRSA impetigo

Cellulitis

Scalded skin syndrome

Folliculitis

Furuncles and carbuncles

Necrotizing fasciitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Gram +

Streptococcus pyogenes

Impetigo

Cellulitis

Erysipelas

Necrotizing fasciitis

Scarlet fever

Gram +

Clostridium perfringens

Gas gangrene

Gram +

Bacillus anthracis

Cutaneous anthrax

Gram +

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Conjunctivitis

Gram +

Chlamydia trachomatis

Neonatal conjunctivitis and bacterial conjunctivitis

Gram -

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neonatal conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Trachoma

Gram -

Wolbachia with Onchocerca

River blindness

Gram -

Haemophilus influenzae and moraxella

Conjunctivitis

Gram -

Human herpesvirus 3 (varicella) virus

Chickenpox

DNA virus

Variola virus

Smallpox

DNA virus

Parvovirus B19

5th disease

DNA virus

Human herpesvirus 6

Roseola

dna virus

Human papillomavirus

Warts

DNA virus

Herpes simplex virus

Keratitis

DNA virus

Adenovirus

Conjunctivitis

DNA virus

Enteroviruses (coxsackie)

Hand foot and mouth disease

RNA virus

Acanthamoeba

Keratitis

Protozoa