terms i need to know for the final cuz im cooked

IM COOKED

Alien land laws

laws that a good chunk of states had that prevented non-us citizens from owning land

gentleman’s agreement

an exchange between the us and japan. japan would cease to give out passports for a certain amount of time, and the us government would need to abolish the segregation of japanese students in the SF school district or smth like that

immigration act of 1924 (johnson-reed act)

quotas placed on immigration and also denied admission to all aliens who were “ineligible for citizenship” (which greatly affected japanese immigrants)

Executive order 9066

• signed by FDR on Feb. 19, 1942

• It established “military necessities”

  • led to the mass removal and expulsion of Japanese communities into incarceration camps

Military necessity

gave the military permission to forcibly remove japanese americans from their homes and transport them to incarceration camps. this was done without due process

• was instated when fdr signed executive order 9066

Alien Enemies Act of 1798

If a nation or another country threatens the us of a war or an invasion, the president can order rapid deportation and detentions of non-citizens

Hirabayashi v United States (1943)

Hirabayashi challenged the constitutionality of the curfew placed on Japanese Americans and Immigrants

• SCOTUS upheld the curfew

Korematsu v. United States (1943)

Hirabayashi challenged the constitutionality of forced removals of Japanese Americans and Immigrants.

• SCOTUS upheld the forced removals

Tule Lake

Those who went against federal orders, disobeyed, or weren’t “loyal” they were sent to Tule Lake

• the biggest war relocation authority camp

Indigenous sovereignty

the right of indigenous nations to govern themselves and maintain control over land

Self determination

the ability for indigenous people to exercise indigenous sovereignty, politics, identity, life, and culture by themselves

Asian settle colonialism

Refers how Asian Americans participated in the settler colonial system, and benefiting from it, in Hawai’i (and I could imagine in places similar to Hawai’is situation)

Admission day

Admission day was the day when Hawai’i became the 50th state, and it is a celebration of this event

3 pillars of white supremacy

A theory from ___

1. Genocide (settler colonialism): removes native population and is replaced by settler’s culture

2. War (orientalism): U.S. has to be in a permanent state of war; there always needs to be some kind of foreign threat to justify U.S. imperial presence and war to combat said threat (to sustain their global power)

3. Labor exploitation: ones closer to “blackness” = “slaveability”

This shows how different minorities are affected by the three pillars differently (an affluent Japanese-American will be affected differently compared to a low-income Cambodian-American)

Asian Americans fell into this system when trying to liberate themselves (think of Japanese Americans in Hawai’i and pushing for annexation)

Battle of Guam

The U.S. bombed Guam which led to a ton of damages. The U.S. invaded Guam before, and it was to “liberate” them from Japan (when in reality, all they wanted to do was to established a military base there). As such, the U.S. deployed its construction battallion to restore Guam and construct military buildings which led to racialized labor of indigenous Chamorros, affluent whites, and Pinoys from private labor recruits

The Secret War

A “secret” war the U.S. conducted at Laos. A lot of were bombs were secretly dropped at Laos which displaced many. This was because of the U.S’ attempt to stop communism and Ho Chi Mihn from succeeding. Many north viet. forces hid at Laos, and with the help of the Hmong, whose major military leaders were against the north and communism, participated in espionage and removing north viet. forces

The U.S. denied their involvement with Laos, and disguised it as humanitarian aid to not break the 1954 Geneva Agreements (which made Laos a neutral country)

Yellow Rain

A weird phenomenon at Laos admist the secret war. Yellow liquid would drop randomly, usually around when bombs were dropped, and it resulted in many becoming sick and even succumbing to death.

Refugee Assistant Act 1975

• Was passed by Pres. Ford after the Fall of Saigon (the capital of S. Viet. was captured by N. Viet.)

• Allowed Laos, Viet, and Camodians to migrate to the U.S. seeking for financial assistant and relocation aid (to communities with higher population of each respective ethnicity)

Refugee Act of 1980

• Replaced the National Act of 1965 and the Refugee Assitant act of 1962

• Provided a permanent system of procedures for admission of refugees, assistance, and asylum seekers to the U.S.

Panethnicity

• an identity as a result of politcal and social response

  • to racism, exclusion, and categorization

  • arises from presure

  • can be a reclamation of power

• Can be used to garner support, solidarity, and visibility

• is fluid, not always harmonious

Asian American Movement

S.I. Hayakawa

Language in Action

Third World Liberation Front

Model Minority

Cold War and Model Minority

Racial Liberalism

1965 Immigration and Nationality Act

Question 27 and 28 (in context of Japanese incarceration during wwii)

“no-no" boys” (in context of question 27 and 28)

settler colonialism

industrial military complex