Unit 6- Urbanization

African City Model

African City Model
An urban model that reflects the impact of colonization in Africa, with new cities being built next to or on top of old ones. Includes both a traditional CBD and a colonial CBD and residential zones often based on ethnicity.

Bid rent theory

the price and demand for real estate change as the distance towards the Central Business District increases

Blockbusting

When people of one ethnic group are frightened into selling their homes at low prices when they hear a family of another race or ethnicity is moving in

Boomburb

a suburban area experiencing significant growth in population and prosperity

Borchert's Model of Urban Growth

A model that describes urban growth based on transportation technology and suggests that each new form of technology produced a new transportation system that changed how people move in and between areas.

Brownfield

Sites of abandoned factories, a property which has the potential to be a hazardous waste, pollutant, or contaminant

Central Business District (CBD)

The commercial heart of a city that is the focal point of transportation and service

Central Place Theory

Theory proposed by Walter Christaller explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another.

City

A place where a relative concentration of people

Conurbation

When a chain of cities grows until they merge into a single uninterrupted area

Concentric Zone Model

Burgess' concentric zone model is a description of the process of urban growth that views the city as a series of circular areas or zones, each characterized by a different type of land use that developed from a central core. There are five different zones: 1) Central Business District 2) Wholesale and Light Manufacturing 3) Low-Class Residential 4) Medium-Class Residential 5) High-Class Residential. Example: Chicago

De Faco Segregation

Segregation of people that happens "by fact" rather than by law

DIsamenity Zone

Areas not connected to city service and under the control of drug lords and gangs, often located in physically unsafe locations like mountain slopes

Ecumene

permanently inhabited areas of the earth's surface

Edge City

A city that exists on the fringes of a larger city and acts as a regional hub for recreation, business, or other community activity for the suburban population of the larger city

Eminent Domain

laws that allow the government to seize land for public use after paying owners the market value of their property

Ethnic Enclave

Relatively small, ethically homogenous communities situated within a larger and more diverse cultural context

Exurbanization

The movement of suburbanites further out into rural areas

Filtering

The change in the use of a house from a single-family home to rented units in a multifamily dwelling to the eventual abandonment

Food Desert

a community in which the residents have little or no access to fresh, affordable, healthy foods, usually located in densely populated, urban areas

Forward Capital

a symbolically relocated capital city usually because of either economic or strategic reasons

Galactic City Model

An urban model based on North American Cities, namely Detroit. CBDs and new downtowns had the highest land usage. Automobiles allowed more spread of people. Contain edge cities that provide entertainment. Highways called inner/outer loops to move around suburban areas to avoid downtown congestion

Gated Communities

walled or fenced neighborhoods with limited access and entry points

Gentrification

the process of wealthier residents moving into a neighborhood and making it unaffordable for existing residents

Ghettos

areas of poverty occupied by a minority group as a result of discrimination

Gravity Model

places that are larger and closer together will have a greater interaction than places that are smaller and farther away from each other

Greenbelt

areas of undeveloped land around an urban area

Hinterland

The outland towns and small communities that rely on the central city for goods and services

Infill

the process of filling in empty or run

informal economy

The portion of the economy that is not taxed, regulated or managed by the government

Latin American City Model

An urban model that is a mixture of radial sectors and concentric zones and reflects Latin American culture and the influence of globalization. It includes a CBD with a commercial spine and the equality of housing decreases as one moves outward from the CBD.

Megacity

A city with more than 10 million people

Megalopolis

chain of closely linked metropolitan areas

Metacity

Larger Cities that have more than 20 million residents

Metropolitan Area

a collection of adjacent cities across which population density is high and continuous

Mixed-use neighborhoods

Neighborhoods with a mix of homes and businesses.

New Urbanism

A movement in urban planning to promote mixed

Pedestrian cities

cities shaped by the distances people could walk

Primate City Rule

If the largest city in an urban system is more than twice as large as the next largest city, the largest city is said to have primacy

Range

The distance people will travel to obtain specific goods or services

Rank-Size Rule

the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy

Redlining

the process by which banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve properties in certain urban areas

Rural

sparsely populated territory and small towns, often associated with farming

Sector Model

Hoyt's model is arranged in a series of sectors or wedges that radiate out from the CBD. Low-income housing sectors are located beside the industrial/transportation zones and middle and high-income sectors are located away from them

Satellite City

An established town near a very large city grows into a city independent of the larger one

Settlement

a place with a permanent human population

Shantytown

Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made of found material