OB Fundamentals

What is dysmenorrhea?

Pain during menstruation

What symptoms are associated with dysmenorrhea?

Headache, faintness, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, backache, and leg pain

What causes dysmenorrhea?

Muscular contractions of the myometrium, infection, inflammation, or IUD presence

What is mittelschmerz?

Pain from follicular rupture and ovary bleeding during the menstrual cycle

Where is mittelschmerz pain typically located?

Right or left lower abdominal quadrant

When does mittelschmerz typically occur?

Mid-cycle

What must mittelschmerz be differentiated from?

Appendicitis or other surgical emergencies

What is gravida?

Number of times a woman has been pregnant, including the current pregnancy

What is para?

Number of live births after 20 weeks’ gestation

What is the antepartum period?

Maternal period before delivery

What is the intrapartum period?

Maternal period during delivery

What is the postpartum period?

Maternal period after delivery

What is term pregnancy?

Pregnancy reaching 40 weeks gestation

When does the first stage of labor begin?

With contractions

When does the first stage of labor end?

When the cervix is fully dilated to 10 cm

When does the second stage of labor begin?

At full cervical dilation

When does the second stage of labor end?

Delivery of the newborn

When does the third stage of labor begin?

Delivery of the baby

When does the third stage of labor end?

Delivery of the placenta

What contraction pattern suggests imminent delivery?

Regular contractions lasting 45–60 seconds occurring every 1–2 minutes

How are contraction intervals measured?

From the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next

What should be done if contractions are greater than 5 minutes apart?

Transport

What urge commonly occurs with imminent delivery?

Urge to bear down or sensation of a bowel movement

What visible sign may occur with imminent delivery?

Crowning

If a mother believes delivery is imminent, what should you do?

Always believe your patient

What is a precipitous birth?

Labor to birth occurring in less than 3 hours

How dilated is the cervix at the end of the first stage of labor?

10 cm

What stage of labor includes delivery of the newborn?

Second stage

What stage of labor includes delivery of the placenta?

Third stage

What is the key abdominal pain associated with mittelschmerz?

Right or left lower quadrant pain during mid-cycle

What pregnancy term refers to the number of pregnancies?

Gravida

What pregnancy term refers to the number of live births after 20 weeks?

Para