Collapse of the 1st Triumvirate

Who did Caesar develop an amicitia with in 59BC? How did this help protect him?

Clodius who as tribune of the plebs in 58 helped protect Caesar’s consular legislation e.g. removing Cato from Rome via his Cyprus bill

When and where was the triumvirate renewed? Who attended?

In 56 the Triumvirate was renewed at Luca. Over 200 senators plus magistrates attended.

What was decided at Luca?

It was decided that Pompey and Crassus would be consuls for 55.

Caesar’s Gallic command was extended for 5 years and Pompey (Spain) and Crassus (Syria) would receive new 5 year proconsular commands.

How did Clodius put pressure on the first triumvirate?

He started employing city gangs in 58 and they harassed Pompey causing him to retire from public life.

What happened to Julia that placed pressure on the 1st Triumvirate?

In 54 Julia died in child birth and Pompey remarried in 53 to Cornelia Scipio daughter of optimate Metellus Scipio.

When and how did Crassus die?

Crassus headed east in 54 and in 53 was defeated and killed by the Parthians losing many legions

How did Cato criticise Caesar?

He criticised his military actions in the Senate in 55, suggesting he be handed over to the Germans.

What happened to Clodius?

In 52 violence breaks out in Rome between rival political gangs and Clodius is killed