Animal Exhibits unit 1

What is art?

A physical or visual expression of someones thoughts or mind

What is Nature?

The culmination of everything living and nonliving interacting with each other

name all of the principles of art

Balance, emphasis, harmony, movement, proportion, rhythm, variety, pattern, repetition, unity

Golden Ratio

a+b is to a as a is to b

FIbonacci sequence

evil math spiral

in 2010, what was discovered about the golden ratio?

That it was present at the atomic scale

where is the golden ratio most common?

in plants and non-living nature

Name all the rules of composition

focus point (thirds), balance, leading lines, symmetry, depth

Architectural Exotica

1850-1907

What was a feature of the architectural exotica?

theh use of architecture to lure visitors and house animals Ex. Berlin Zoo

Naturalism

1907-1930

What were the major goals of the naturalism era?

To give the animals as much liberty as possible, and prove that tropical animals can acclimate to temperate environments. Ex. Tierpark

Modern Age

1930-1970

What characterized the modern age of exhibit design?

The habitats were desgined to emphasize a scientific approach to keeping animals.

What was the modern age of exhibit design also known as?

The disinfectant era

Landscape Immersion

1970- present

James Foster

Conducted animal psych experiments with keepers at the Woodland Zoo that focused on well-being and preventative healthcare in various species.

Just for reinforcemet

The physical environment in which a wild animal is displayed has a direct impact in the perceptions and attitudes of the visitors

John Coe

'“The effectiveness of the zoo exhibit should be measured by the pulse rate of the zoogoer”

Animals kept for religious reasons

~3000 B.C.

Naturalistic exhibit design

Imitates nature through artificial methods

Three main principles of naturalistic exhibit design

Display the natural habitat of the species, encourage breeding, offer settings for research

Components that affect visitor experience

Plants, features for the animals, features for the visitors, features for the keepers, interpretation

Components that define exhibit boundaries

Exhibit style, furniture, setting, info panels, visitor viewing, vegetation, barriers

Mary Akeley (1936)

“An animal cannot be isolated, even conceptually, from the particular environment to which it has become adapted during eons of geologic time without a serious misunderstanding of its true nature”

Landscape

An expanse of scenery

Habitat

the natural abode or locality of an animal or plant

Immersion

The act of immersing or the state of being immersed

Landscape immersion

exhibits in which visitors share the same landscape (but not the same area) with the animals

Landscape simulation

The exhibit must simulate the specific or characteristic natural habitat of the animal being displayed

Continuity

Created landscape appears continuous on both sides of the animal/people barriers

Consistency

Elements that conflict with the habitat its modeled after are hidden/diminished

Biocentric > Homocentric

Animals are displayed respectfully and are not looked down upon.

Savannah Grasslands

Open grassy areas, scattered trees/shrubs (Ex. Giraffe, zebra, antelope, lion, cheetah)

Tropical Rainforest

Dense vegetation, high humidity (Ex. Monkey, birds, reptiles, butterflies)

Desert

Arid, sandy, cacti/succulents, rocky (Ex. Camel, tortoise, meerkat, snake)

Woodlands

Mix of foliage, temperate forest environments (Ex. Deer, bear, fox, raccoon, wolf)

Arctic Tundra

Cold, low vegetation, rocky, snow (Ex. Polar bear, arctic fox, snowy owl, caribou)

Asian Bamboo Forest

Dense bamboo forests in Asia (Ex. giant panda, red panda, otter, crane)

Australian Outback

Arid, native vegetation (Ex. Kangaroo, koala, bearded dragon, snake, scorpion, emu)

Mangrove Swamp

Tidal waters, mangroves, mudflats (Ex. Gator, turtle, crab, fish, birds)

Alpine Meadows

High altitude meadows, grasses, flowers, rocky (Ex. Goat, marmot, ptarmigaas, ibex)

Japanese Nature Style

Takashi Amano, Wabi-Sabi, one of beauty that is imperfect, impermanent, and incomplete

Iwagumi

Subtype of nature, mostly rock, odd number of stones

Dutch

Lush/diverse, >80% plant coverage

German

Appreciated from above and front, good fish display, messy

Jungle

Similar to Dutch, textures > lines, bold and wild

Taiwanese

Difficult/rare plants, figurines, rarest

Walstad

Diana Walstad, random/wild, simulates natural environment

Paludarium

Tropical rainforest, jungles, riverbanks, bogs, beach

Pond/amphibians

Plant diversity, few fish, little filtration

Biotope

specific geographic region, matches species/chemical composition

Reef

Saltwater reef biotope

What are hides/caves important for?

Animal well being and territorial ranges

What is the strongest, most efficient, and most stable shape?

Triangles

what contributes to a change in visitor behavior?

change in attitude, connection to nature, gain of knowledge

Biophilic

People love nature

What are the three indicators for tracking visitors?

How long they dwell, attraction power, holding power

Most important exhibit elements?

Enclosures, educational messages