Nutrition and Metabolism

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminologies related to nutrition and metabolism, helping students review essential information for their upcoming exam.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds, such as sugars and starches, used to power cellular processes.

Monosaccharides

Single sugars such as glucose, fructose, and galactose; they are the simplest form of carbohydrates.

Glycogenesis

The process of converting excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver and muscle cells.

Lipogenesis

The conversion of excess glucose into fats, stored in adipose tissue.

Gluconeogenesis

The conversion of noncarbohydrates (e.g., amino acids) into glucose for energy.

Triglycerides

The most common dietary lipids composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.

Saturated fats

Fats that have no double bonds between carbon atoms, primarily found in animal products.

Unsaturated fats

Fats that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms; found in plant oils and considered healthier.

Proteins

Chains of amino acids that perform a variety of functions including building new proteins and supplying energy.

Essential amino acids

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

Caloric content of Carbohydrates

4.1 Calories per gram.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

The rate at which the body expends energy under basal conditions, mainly for organ function.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure used to classify individuals as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese based on height and weight.

Vitamins

Organic compounds required in small amounts for normal metabolic processes.

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body; includes B vitamins and vitamin C.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in fats and are stored in the body's tissues; includes vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Major minerals

Inorganic elements required in larger amounts for metabolism; includes calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and others.