Agronomy Lab Midterm

The embryonic root inside the seed

Radicle

What type of roots grow from non-root tissues, such as stems or leaves?

Adventitious roots

Roots that develop above the soil line and provide stability are called ________.

Prop roots

Roots that become swollen to store food or water are called ________.

Storage roots

What are the fungi that have a mutualistic relationship with plant roots called?

Mycorrhizae

The point on a stem where leaves or buds are attached is called a ________.

Node

The portion of a stem between two nodes is called a(n) ________.

Internode

Define stolon and give an example.

A horizontal stem that grows along the soil surface and forms new plants; example: strawberry runner.

Define rhizome and give an example.

A horizontal underground stem that produces new shoots and roots; example: ginger.

The small ear-like projections at the base of monocot leaves are called ________.

Auricles

How many cotyledons do dicots have?

Two

Define cambium tissue.

A layer of actively dividing cells that produces new xylem and phloem for plant growth.

How many cotyledons do monocots have?

One

What type of venation do monocot leaves exhibit?

Parallel venation

What type of venation do dicot leaves exhibit?

Net (reticulate) venation

A flower with all four major parts (sepals, petals, stamens, pistil) is called ________.

Complete flower

A flower that has both stamens and pistil is called ________.

Perfect flower

What is the collective term for the sepals?

Calyx

What is the collective term for the petals?

Corolla

Name two crops that are monocots.

Corn, wheat

Name two crops that are dicots

Soybeans, cotton

The bristle-like extension of the lemma in grasses is called a(n) ________.

Awn

What type of grass inflorescence has spikelets attached directly to the central axis?

Spike

What type of plant has staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant?

Monoecious

What type of plant has staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants?

Dioecious

The wall of a fruit that develops from the ovary wall is called the ________.

Pericarp

List the three layers of the pericarp.

Exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp

A fruit that develops from a single ovary is called a ________ fruit.

Simple fruit

A fruit that develops from multiple ovaries of one flower is called an ________ fruit.

Aggregate fruit

A fruit that develops from the ovaries of many flowers in an inflorescence is called a ________ fruit.

Multiple

A tomato is classified as a ________.

Berry

An apple is classified as a ________, with most of the edible portion formed from the ________.

Pome; receptacle

An orange is classified as a ________, a berry with a leathery rind.

Hesperidium

A cucumber or watermelon is classified as a ________, a special type of berry with a hard rind.

Pepo

A soybean pod is a ________ (dry fruit type).

Legume

Okra is not a pod, but is a ________ (dry fruit type).

Capsule

The grain fruit type found in wheat, corn, and rice is called a ________.

Caryopsis

A strawberry is an example of an ________ fruit.

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