test 2 161 review

code

language as an abstract system

variety

speech style associated with a particular group

dialect

regional or social variety of a language

accent

system of communication

register

particular, recurrent situation, medical/academic

language

speech style elected by elites as the country’s written standard

phonology

study of speech sounds specifically to one language

morphology

study of basic elements/forms. internal structure

syntax

set of rules that dictate how words and phrases are arranged

race

a way of cassifying people based on the basis of perceived biological differences

scientific racism

the assertion that there are biologically distinct races or groups of people, these biological differences include differences in behavior, intelligence, and ability, and these differences exist in a clear hierarchy of superior and inferior races

disability

the embodied experiences of people with impairments as shaped by the broader forms of social inequality

health

a state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being that is fundamentally shaped by cultural norms, historical experiences, and social structures

disease

objective, biologically measurable abnormalities or malfunctions in the body's physiological systems

illness

a person’s subjective, lived experience of feeling unwell

sickness

the social and cultural perception of ill health

ethnomedicine

local systems of health and healing rooted in culturally specific norms and values

biomedicine

a practice often associated with western medicine, that seeks to apply the principles of biology and then natural sciences to the practice of diagnosing disease and promoting healing

medical pluralism

sex

gender

gender dysphoria

gender euphoria

gender affirming care

Human language

infinitely creative: generate original messages, adapt to new info, situations, store and pass on huge quantities of info not imbedded in genes

the complexities of languages vs dialects and debatable categories

linguistic relativity

language ideologies

language endangerment and revitalization, case studies discussed

racial logics

inheritability and immutability-passed down over generations & unchanging faith, character, morals

eugenics- how it evolved a view of the body and superiority vs inferiority in relation to ideas of race, ethnicity, nationality, sex, gender, disability

the medical model

disability is an individual deficit and impairment that needs to be cured

gender essentialism vs social constructivist approaches to gender

criticisms of binaries

the social model

disability is a social creation that is culturally and historically specific; the disabled are oppressed