psych 140 final exam

For each of the age groups listed below, list the psychosexual stage described by Freud

Ages 3-6:_______

phallic stage

phallic stage of psychosexual development ends at age:

_______

6

Freud believed that unsuccessful completing of a psychosexual stage would result in a person becoming _______ on an erogenous part of the body

fixated

according the Freud, the _______ stage occurs from birth to 18 months

oral

where did Freud get the name "Oedipus" for the Oedipus complex

greek mythology

which of the following most accurately summarizes Freud's view of the Oedipus complex?

A. boys experience competition with their fathers and eventually identify with them, while repressing sexual feelings towards their mothers

B. Boys experience competition with their mothers and eventually identify with them, while repressing sexual feelings towards their fathers

C. boys and girls both strongly experience the Oedipus complex

A. Boys experience competition with their fathers and eventually identify with them, while repressing sexual feelings towards their mothers

Freud would say that a person obsessed with cleanliness may have unsuccessfully completed the ________ psychosexual stage

anal

For each of the age groups listed below, list the psychosexual stage described by Freud

birth to 18 months:______

oral stage

For each of the age groups listed below, list the psychosexual stage described by Freud

18 months to 3 years:_______

anal stage

For each of the age groups listed below, list the psychosexual stage described by Freud

6 years to puberty:____

latency stage

T/F Malnutrition can be a teratogen

true

T/F maternal stress is not an example of a teratogen

false

when does the embryonic period begin?

2 weeks after conception

what is the current age of viability?

22-26 weeks

T/F maternal age has nothing to do with birth defects in babies

false

during which trimester do hair and nails typically form?

second

T/F amniocentesis utilizes sound waves to create images

false

which research design could give a researcher a large amount of information about one autistic child's level of functioning?

A. nautralistic observation

B. case study

C. survey

D. correlational study

E. experiment

B. case study

which research design would best address the following question: what do most people in the US feel about the legalization of marijuana?

survey

which research design would be address the following question: are age and wisdom related to one another?

correlational study

T/F the moro reflex typically disappears after 5 months

true

the _______ reflex can be observed when adult places her finger in an infant's pal, and the infant immediately closes his finger around the adult finger

grasping

T/F REM sleep makes up roughly half of an infant's sleep cycle

true

T/F two year olds weight on average about 45 pounds

false

T/F two year olds weigh on average about 30 pounds

true

according to Piaget, ________ are mental activities

operations

which of the following accurately describes Piaget's views on assimilation and accommodation?

A. problem-solving skills must be discovered; they cannot be taught

B. problem-solving skills must be taught; they cannot be discovered

C. the process of learning is not important; only the end product is important

D. none of the above

A. Problem-solving skills must be discovered; they cannot be taught

which Piagetian substage occurs during the preoperational stage?

A. secondary circular reactions

B. symbolic function

C. metacognition

B. symbolic function

this researchers underestimated how early children attain object permanence

A. piaget

B. vygotsky

A. Piaget

this researcher viewed "nurture" over "nature" as the primary contributor to child cognitive development

A. piaget

B. vygotsky

B. Vygotsky

this researcher emphasized the role of the teacher and expert in learning

A. piaget

B. vygotsky

B. vygotsky

which of the following accurately describes Piaget's view on children's readiness?

A. children should not be taught certain concepts until they are developmentally ready to receive that information

B. children should be introduced to academic concepts as early as possible to maximise learning

C. both A and B

D. neither A nor B

A. children should not be taught certain concepts until they are developmentally ready to receive that information

What would Vygotsky say about a child's likelihood of success when learning and studying alone?

Low success

T/F according to Piaget, children in the concrete operational stage can use logic but still struggle with abstract thought?

true

T/F most children with ADHD are better able to control problem behaviors when given individual attention

true

categorize the following symptoms as either a symptom of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity

fidgets and squirms in his/her seat

hyperactivity-impulisivity

who are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD boys or girls?

boys

what is the recommendation for diagnosing ADHD?

A. any pediatrician is qualified to provide a diagnosis

B. families should seek a psychiatrist, or pediatrician with expertise in ADHD

C. diagnoses can only be made by pediatricians

D. none of the above

B. families should seek a psychologist, psychiatrist, or pediatrician with expertise in ADHD

T/F parents of children with ADHD can help their kids by encouraging kids to write down homework assignments and use notebook organizers

true

categorize the following symptoms as either inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity

talks nonstop

hyperactivity-impulsivity

__________ children receive high numbers of negative votes in research studies on peer statuses.

rejected

T/F neglected children tend to show less negative outcomes than rejected children, according to peer status research

true

When presented with Kohlberg's Heinz dilemma, Ben says that Heinz should steal the drug because he loves his wife and helping her show his love for her. After all, Heinz probably vowed at his wedding to care for her "in sickness and in health;" he should do as he promised. Ben believes that people should keep their promises. at what level would Kohlberg most likely categorize this response, according to his theory of moral development?

conventional

T/F research indicates that boys have more difficulty adjusting to remarriage compared to girls

false

approximately how long does it take families to adjust to a divorce?

2 years

T/F research indicates that girls have more negative consequences when growing up in a single parent household, compared to boys

false

T/F research indicates that boys have more negative consequences when growing up in a single parent household, compared to girls

true

while Frued's stages are psychosexual. Erikson's are psycho______

social

T/F ultrasound can be used to determine the presence of genetic abnormalities

false

fine hair that covers the top portion of a baby in utero is known as ______

lanugo

T/F if the Babinski reflex lingers after a child is two years old, it is possible that the child has some nerve damage

true

T/F gross motor skills generally develop before fine motor skills

true

the researcher focused on how young children experiment on their world in order to learn about it

A. piaget

B. vygotsky

A. piaget

T/F parents and teachers of children with the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD can easily miss ADHD symptoms

true

ADHD can be diagnosed according to three diagnostic areas or subtypes. Which of the following is NOT one of these areas?

A. inattention

B. hyperactivity/impulsivity

C. both inattentive and hyperactivity/impulsivity

D. psychosis

D. psychosis

Drew, a high school teacher, feels that laws should be followed so that society doesn't fall into total anarchy. after all, it's not fair for everyone else if someone gets away with stealing something. obeying the law, Drew reasons, is what we all do in order to maintain a healthy society. at what level would Kohlberg most likely categorize this response, according to his theory of moral development?

conventional

Mark says that people shouldn't steal because they'll get in trouble and go to jail. At what level would Kohlberg most likely categorize this response, according to his theory of moral development?

preconventional

on average, who ends the pubertal growth spurt earlier: boys and girls?

girls

the average age of menarche has_________ since the 1990s

A. increased

B. decreased

B. decreased

_______ is a term that refers to a child coming of age and leaving the family home

launching

T/F 50% of people who are married right now will eventually divorce

false

T/F hypertension is a risk factor for a neurocognitive disorder

true

which of the following factors is NOT currently being considered as a possible causal factor in Alzheimer's disease

A. stroke

B. high blood pressure

C. obesity

D. osteoporosis

C. obesity

T/F according to selection with optimization theory, older adults should be more selective in what activities they choose to do

true

T/F the general social survey indicates that married couples tend to have sex at least once a week, average 58 times a year

true

T/F women are more likely than men to experience a mid-life crisis

false

which of Sternberg's types of love includes all three love components?

consummate love

which of Sternberg's types of love includes passion and intimacy?

romantic love

T/F neurocognitive disorders are a noraml part of aging

false

which is the best summary of the role of the gene APOE e4 in Alzheimer's disease?

certain alleles of this gene may increase risk for Alzheimer's

for the following descriptions, identify the most likely type of neurocognitive disorder most likely indicated by these symptoms and situations

Vera began drinking heavily in her 20s and continued throughout her life and is now in her 70s. she has been hospitalized with liver disease. prior to this hospitalization, her children noticed that shes been having trouble dressing herself and is exhibiting some marked forgetfulness

A. Alzheimer's disease

B. vascular disease

C. parkinsons

D. prion disease

E. HIV

F. substance/medication induced

F. substance/medication induced

which of the following age-related brain changes are thought to harm cells and possibly contribute to Alzheimer's diease

A. atrophy in parts of the brain

B. inflammation

C. production of free radicals

D. all of the above

D. all of the above

What is the difference between a normal age-related change that involves forgetting a name versus someone in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease?

A. memory differences are identical with age-related changes and Alzheimer-related changes

B. people with Alzheimer's disease cannot remember anything

C. the individual remembers the name later if it is a normal, age-related change

C. the individual remembers the name later if it is a normal, age-related change

T/F the older you are, the more likely it is that you will have a neurocognitive disorder

true

70 year old Elizabeth has trouble remembering how to use her DVR and relies on her daughter to occasionally help her. is this most likely a

a. Alzheimer's disease

B. age-related change

B. age-related change

Jan is a widow. after her husband died, she stopped spending time with friends. over a decade later, Jan is in her 80s. she is now not as involved in her church, feels that she is too old to do much. which of the following socioemotional theories of aging best fits her viewpoint:

A. disengagement

B. activity

C. selective optimization with compensation

A. disengagement

for the following example, indicate which stage of Elizabeth Kubler Ross's stage theory is being depicted:

when the doctor informed Zeke that he had a terminal illness, he actually laughed and said "I don't think so!"

Denial

Emma is in her late 80's and broke her hip last year. Now that she is recovered, she finds that she is more careful to avoid injury. Rather than walking in her hilly neighborhood, she now drives with a friend to the mall each morning for a nice, flat walk. Which of the following socioemotional theories of aging best fits her new viewpoint:

A. Disengagement

B. Activity

C. Selective Optimization with Compensation.

C. Selective Optimization with Compensation

according to Erikson, the "terrible twos" stem from a toddlers need to assert what?

autonomy

Freuds final psychosexual stage occurs from _______ on while, Erikson's final stage is for the following age groups:______

1. 12-18 2. 65+

which of the following statements most accurately reflects Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

A. stages do not have to occur in the same order

B. children progress through stages in the same order

C. children often experience multiple stages at the same time

D. children progress through stages in random order

B. Children progress through stages in the same order

T/F training based on Pavlovian principles is used in the treatment of phobias

true

in which of the following stages is it important for children to establish a sense of competence?

A. trust vs. mistrust

B. autonomy vs. shame and doubt

C. identity vs. identify

D. industry vs. inferiority

D. Industry vs. inferiority

which age group did Erikson say faces the crisis generativity vs. stagnation?

Middle adulthood

T/F Erikson emphasized the id, while Freud emphasized the ego

false

which reflexive behavior did Pavlov's dogs begin exhibiting at the sound of a bell?

salivation

stage theorist illustrate a _____ view of development

A. continuous

B. discontinuous

B. discontinuous

Janice is 60 years old and feels that she is in the prime of her life, at least mentally. However, she is starting to experience some problems with arthritis and knows she doesn't have quite the stamina that she used to. Those trends are a good illustration of development being multi________.

A. disciplinary

B. directional

C. modal

D. dimensional

B. directional

human development is comprised of biological, social, and cognitive changes, to name a few. therefore, development is mutli_________

dimensional

according to Erikson, unsuccessful completion of the first psychosocial stage will result in _______ of the world

mistrust

what types of CVS procedures are typically used?

transcervical and transabdominal

which of the following is NOT an example of a transabdominal ultrasound?

transcervical procedure

which research design would best investigate whether diet changes can serve as effective prevention for depression?

experiment

T/F regular infant sleep patterns can be observed from birth

false

T/F experts believe that some infant reflexes are present to promote infant survival

true

which of the following accurately describes Discovery Learning?

A. children learn by actively exploring - emphasis on hands on learning

B. children learn by reading about experiments - emphasis on critical reading

C. children learn by traveling to different countries - emphasis on a global perspective

D. none of the above

A. children learn by actively-emphasis on hands-on learning

in Vygotskian model of learning, ______ is when teachers adjust the level of support they give students

scaffolding

Ritalin, a common treatment for ADHD, is an example of a/an [CHOOSE ONE: Stimulant, Opiate, Depressant] drug.

stimulant

to which of Kohlberg's moral development levels emphasizes the most external control of moral behaviors?

preconventional

which protein hormone is thought to trigger the hypothalamus increased production of GnRH?

leptin