DAT Body Systems

The concentration of oxygen is highest in the _____.

pulmonary veins

The concentration of oxygen is lowest in the _____.

pulmonary arteries

The main buffering system in blood is _____.

bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Intracellular buffer system is _____.

phosphate

Gas exchange occurs only in the _____.

alveoli

Air flow: Nasal/oral cavity → _____ → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

pharynx/larynx

Breathing is controlled by the _____.

medulla oblongata

Type O blood has _____ antigens.

no

Type AB individuals can receive _____ blood.

any

Clumping of RBCs due to antigen-antibody reaction is called _____.

agglutination

The _____ circuit carries blood to the lungs.

pulmonary

The _____ circuit carries blood to the body.

systemic

The heart’s pacemaker is the _____.

SA node

SA node → AV node → _____ → _____

bundle of His; Purkinje fibers

Movement from blood to filtrate after filtration is _____.

secretion

Urine leaving the body is called _____.

excretion

The functional unit of the kidney is the _____.

nephron

ADH increases _____ reabsorption.

water

Alcohol _____ ADH.

inhibits

Epinephrine activates the _____ nervous system.

sympathetic

Sympathetic = '_____'.

fight or flight

Parasympathetic = '_____'.

rest and digest

BBB cells form _____.

tight junctions

Support cells of BBB are _____.

astrocytes

Only _____ and _____ molecules cross BBB easily.

small; lipid-soluble

Muscle contraction follows the _____ theory.

sliding filament

Calcium binds to _____.

troponin

This exposes _____ binding sites.

myosin

Peristalsis uses _____ muscle.

smooth

Chemical digestion begins in the _____.

mouth

Innate immunity is _____ (specific/non-specific).

non-specific

Adaptive immunity targets _____ antigens.

specific

B-cells are part of _____ immunity.

humoral

T-cells are part of _____ immunity.

cell-mediated

Which structure allows gas exchange? (A) Bronchi (B) Alveoli (C) Trachea (D) Larynx

B

Which hormone increases water retention? (A) Insulin (B) ADH (C) Glucagon (D) Cortisol

B

Which carries oxygenated blood? (A) Pulmonary artery (B) Pulmonary vein (C) Vena cava (D) Aorta

B

What triggers muscle contraction? (A) ATP binding (B) Ca binding to troponin (C) O2 binding (D) Na influx

B