EDUC 222 Exam Q

What is the definition of learning in the cognitive view?

In the cognitive view, learning is defined as an active, internal mental process of acquiring, organizing, storing, and retrieving knowledge, rather than just a change in behavior

What metaphor of the mind does the cognitive view hold?

The mind is a machine and knowledge is a tool to be applied

What is the role of attention in learning?

It determines what information your brain actually processes, stores, and remembers

Attention can be thought of as a _________.

Mental filter

What is the definition of “perception” in learning?

The process of detecting and assigning a meaning to a stimulus.

What is the role of “long-term memory” in perception?

It provides the context and prior knowledge necessary to make sense of the world

What is the capacity of a persons working memory?

The capacity of a person’s memory is about 5 to 9 pieces of information

What is the duration of a persons working memory?

It’s about 10 to 20 seconds without rehearsal

What is the rule for a persons working memory capacity?

Seven plus or minus two

Why do people who have high working memory capacity tend to perform better in writing, problem-solving, and standardized testing?

They can hold and manage more information at once while thinking

What are the five strategies of encoding?

Rehearsal, Organization, Elaboration, Context, and Multiple Modalities of Learning

What is Rehearsal (Repetition)?

Rehearsal is the conscious repetition of information over time in order to:

• Maintain it in working memory

• Increase the chance that it will be stored in long-term memory

Rehearsal is the ______ learned encoding strategy in children

first

What does the encoding strategy organization do?

It involves grouping individual pieces of information into larger, meaningful units to make them easier to store and remember.

The stategie of organization (chunking) develops between the ages of _______.

10 - 12

What does the encoding strategy elaboration do?

It involves adding meaning to new information by connecting it to what you already know from personal past experiences

The strategy of elaboration begins developing at _____ and only fully develops at _____.

14 : 18

What is the encoding strategy context do?

Context helps your brain create cues from your long term memory that make it easier to remember information later

The encoding strategy of using context is ______________.

Not learned at any particular age (C)

What does the encoding strategy of multiple modalities of learning refer to?

This idea is often linked to how learners process information through different input systems, like auditory, verbal, and visual systems in working memory

Multiple modalities of learning are _______________.

Not learned at a particular age (M)

What is the definition of metacognition?

It refers to a learner’s ability to monitor, regulate, and reflect on their own cognitive processes during learning

What are the three types of metacognitive knowledge?

Declarative, procedural, and conditional

What is declarative knowledge?

This knowledge is knowing what you know

What is procedural knowledge?

This knowledge is knowing how to use what you know

What is conditional knowledge?

It’s knowing when and why to use what you know

What does KWL stand for?

What I know, what I want to know, and what I learned

What are the two forms of retrieval?

Automatic retrieval and reconstruction

What is automatic retrieval?

The ability to recall information from memory quickly, effortlessly, and without conscious thought

What is reconstruction?

This process allows people to rebuild or recreate information from memory rather than retrieving it exactly as it was stored.

What do the two types of retrieval tell us about information retrieval?

Memories aren’t like movie recordings; they aren’t perfect. But there are ways we as humans can encode information to better allow us to retrieve or memorize information

What are the three kinds of metacognitive regulation?

Planning, Monitoring, and Self Regulation

What does the metacognitive regulation system of planning do

It essentially means: How do I go about this?

What does the metacognitive regulation system of monitoring do?

It essentially means: How am I doing with this?

What does the metacognitive regulation system evaluation do?

It essentially means: How have I done / Is this finished?