Pharmacology and Acid-Base Balance Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to acid-base balance and pharmacology principles as discussed in the lecture.

pH

A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, with normal blood pH being 7.35-7.45.

Acidosis

A condition where blood pH is below 7.35, indicating an excess of acidity.

Alkalosis

A condition where blood pH is above 7.45, indicating an excess of basicity.

CO2

Carbon dioxide, an acid in the body that affects blood pH.

HCO3

Bicarbonate, a base in the body that helps regulate blood pH.

Hypokalemia

A condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood.

Hyperkalemia

A condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood.

Pharmacokinetics

The study of how the body affects a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

Pharmacodynamics

The study of how a drug affects the body.

Bioavailability

The extent and rate at which the active ingredient or active moiety is absorbed and becomes available at the site of action.

Narrow therapeutic range

A small range in which a drug is effective without being toxic.

Synergistic effect

When two drugs work better together than they do separately.

Antagonistic effect

When one drug blocks the effect of another.

Clopidogrel bisulfate

An antiplatelet drug used to prevent clot formation.

Enoxaparin

An anticoagulant drug used to prevent the growth of clots.

Evolocumab

A PCSK9 inhibitor used for lowering high cholesterol.

Gliclazide IR

A sulfonylurea used to stimulate insulin release in type 2 diabetes.

Isosorbide dinitrate

A nitrate used for the treatment of angina (chest pain) that causes vasodilation.

Levothyroxine

A hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism.

Losartan

An angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) used to treat hypertension.

Metformin

A biguanide used to reduce glucose production in the liver for type 2 diabetes.