Spirochetes clibac lec finals

Leptospira interrogans

Pathogenic spirochete that causes leptospirosis and Weil disease

Weil disease

Severe leptospirosis characterized by renal failure, hepatic failure, and intravascular disease

Leptospira visualization

Dark-field microscopy

Leptospira oxygen requirement

Obligate aerobe

EMJH medium

Specialized culture medium for Leptospira

Leptospira transmission

Exposure to water contaminated with infected animal urine

Reservoirs of leptospirosis

Dogs, rats, and rodents

Acute leptospirosis specimen

Blood or CSF during the first week

Late leptospirosis specimen

Urine collected after the first week

Borrelia burgdorferi

Causative agent of Lyme disease

Ixodes tick

Vector of Lyme disease

Erythema chronicum migrans

Early lesion of Lyme disease

Lyme arthritis

Most common late manifestation of Lyme disease

Relapsing fever

Disease caused by most Borrelia species through antigenic variation

Ornithodoros

Soft tick vector of endemic relapsing fever

Pediculus humanus

Body louse vector of epidemic relapsing fever

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

Acute endotoxin release after antibiotic treatment of spirochetes

Kelly medium

Culture medium for Borrelia species

Treponema pallidum

Causative agent of syphilis

Syphilis

Sexually transmitted disease known as the "great imitator"

Chancre

Painless lesion characteristic of primary syphilis

Condylomata lata

Highly infectious lesions of secondary syphilis

Gummas

Granulomatous lesions seen in tertiary syphilis

Neurosyphilis

CNS involvement in tertiary syphilis

Congenital syphilis

Transplacental infection by Treponema pallidum

Dark-field microscopy

Method used to diagnose primary and secondary syphilis

VDRL

Nontreponemal screening test for syphilis

RPR

Nontreponemal screening test for syphilis

FTA-ABS

Treponemal confirmatory test for syphilis

TP-PA

Treponemal confirmatory test for syphilis

Penicillin

Drug of choice for syphilis

Yaws

Tropical disease caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue

Bejel

Endemic syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum

Pinta

Skin disease caused by Treponema carateum

Elementary body

Infectious form of Chlamydia

Reticulate body

Noninfectious replicating form of Chlamydia

Chlamydia trachomatis

Most common bacterial sexually transmitted pathogen in the US

Trachoma

Leading preventable cause of blindness caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

LGV

Lymphogranuloma venereum characterized by bubo formation

Bubo

Painful enlarged lymph node seen in LGV

Serovars D-K

Chlamydia serovars causing urogenital infections

Reiter syndrome

Triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis, and polyarthritis

Cell culture

Gold standard for Chlamydia diagnosis before PCR

McCoy cells

Common cell line used for Chlamydia culture

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Cause of atypical pneumonia and pharyngitis

Chlamydophila psittaci

Cause of psittacosis or parrot fever

Rickettsia

Obligate intracellular gram-negative bacilli transmitted by arthropods

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Most severe rickettsial disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia rickettsii

Causative agent of RMSF

Dermacentor tick

Vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

RMSF rash

Begins on wrists and ankles then spreads to palms and soles

Rickettsia akari

Causative agent of rickettsialpox

Mouse mite

Vector of rickettsialpox

Rickettsia conorii

Causative agent of Boutonneuse fever

Tache noire

Black necrotic eschar seen in spotted fever infections

Rickettsia typhi

Causative agent of murine typhus

Rat flea

Vector of murine typhus

Rickettsia prowazekii

Causative agent of epidemic typhus

Human louse

Vector of epidemic typhus

Brill-Zinsser disease

Reactivated form of epidemic typhus

Orientia tsutsugamushi

Causative agent of scrub typhus

Chigger

Vector of scrub typhus

Weil-Felix test

Agglutination test based on cross-reaction with Proteus antigens

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Causative agent of Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

Morulae

Mulberry-like inclusions seen in Ehrlichia-infected WBCs

Lone star tick

Vector of Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Causative agent of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

Ixodes scapularis

Vector of Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Coxiella burnetii

Causative agent of Q fever

Q fever

Highly infectious zoonotic disease transmitted by inhalation of contaminated aerosols

Birthing fluids

Common source of Coxiella burnetii infection

Unpasteurized milk

Foodborne source of Q fever

Spore-forming intracellular organism

Characteristic of Coxiella burnetii

Mycoplasma

Pleomorphic bacteria lacking a cell wall

Mollicutes

Class containing Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Cell wall deficiency

Reason Mycoplasma resists penicillins and cephalosporins

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Cause of walking pneumonia

Walking pneumonia

Mild atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae

PPLO

Old term for Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Eaton agent

Another name for Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma hominis

Mycoplasma species with fried-egg colonies

Ureaplasma urealyticum

Urogenital pathogen that hydrolyzes urea

Fried-egg colonies

Characteristic appearance of Mycoplasma hominis

SP4 medium

Specialized medium for Mycoplasma culture

A8 agar

Medium recovering Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma

Glucose

Substrate utilized by Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Arginine

Substrate utilized by Mycoplasma hominis

Urea

Substrate hydrolyzed by Ureaplasma

Acridine orange

Fluorescent stain used for Mycoplasma visualization