AP Human Geography Exam Prep

Practice flashcards based on AP Human Geography exam topics, covering key concepts, terms, and frameworks.

Qualitative Data

Data involving observations, interviews, and descriptions that cannot be easily quantified.

Quantitative Data

Data involving numbers such as statistics, surveys, and measurements that can be analyzed mathematically.

GIS

Geographic Information Systems, a technology that layers spatial data for analysis.

Distance-decay

The concept that interaction decreases as the distance between places increases.

Time-space compression

The idea that modern technology accelerates communication and interaction across distances.

Place

Characteristics that make a location unique.

Scale of Analysis

The spatial level at which data is aggregated, such as local, regional, national, or global.

Diffusion

The process by which phenomena spread across space.

Relocation Diffusion

Spread of ideas or innovations when people physically move.

Expansion Diffusion

Spread of phenomena without the movement of people, which includes contagious and hierarchical diffusion.

Choropleth Map

A thematic map that uses color shading to represent quantities.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that divides population growth into five stages based on birth and death rates.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of births per 1,000 people in a population.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population.

Pro-natalist Policies

Policies that encourage higher birth rates.

Anti-natalist Policies

Policies aimed at reducing birth rates.

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another.

Push Factors

Conditions that drive people away from a place.

Pull Factors

Conditions that attract people to a place.

Gerrymandering

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries for political advantage.

Supranational Organizations

Organizations in which multiple states cooperate for mutual benefit, often influencing state sovereignty.

HDI (Human Development Index)

A composite index measuring life expectancy, education, and income to assess development levels.

Agricultural Density

The number of farmers relative to the amount of arable land.

Von Thünen Model

A model that explains agricultural land use in concentric rings around a central market.

Urban Sprawl

The spread of urban development into rural areas.

Greenbelts

Areas of open space preserved around urban centers to limit sprawl.

Centripetal Forces

Forces that promote unity and stability within a country.

Centrifugal Forces

Forces that can divide or disrupt a society.