period 3 elements continued

structure and bonding of sodium

metallic

structure and bonding of magnesium

metallic

structure and bonding of aluminium

metallic

structure and bonding of silicon

giant covalent,

macromolecule

structure and bonding of phosphorus

P4, molecule, simple covalent, van der waals

structure and bonding of sulfur

S8, simple covalent, van der waals

structure and bonding of chlorine

diatomic, simple covalent

observation of sodium and water

floats and moves on water,

fizzes and may catch fire,

yellow-orange flame

equation between sodium and water

observation between magnesium and water/steam

steam: burns with white flame giving white powder

water: very slow reaction

reaction between magnesium and water

Mg + 2H2O → Mg(OH)2 + H2

reaction between magnesium and steam

Mg + H2O → MgO + H2

which period 3 elements don’t react with water

aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur

observation of reaction between chlorine and water

dissolves giving very pale green solution

reaction between chlorine and water

Cl2 + H2O ⇌ HCl + HOCl

observation of reaction between sodium and oxygen

burns with yellow-orange flame to produce white powder

equation between sodium and oxygen

4Na + O2 → 2Na2O

observation for reaction between magnesium and oxygen

burns with white flame to produce white powder

equation between magnesium and oxygen

2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

Mg + ½ O2 → MgO

observation of reaction between aluminium and oxygen

burns with white flame to produce white powder

equation between aluminium and oxygen

4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3

observation of reaction between silicon and oxygen

burns with white flame to produce white powder

equation between silicon and oxygen

Si + O2 → SiO2

observation between phosphorus and oxygen

burns with vert bright white flame to produce white powder

equation between phosphorus and oxygen

P4 + 5O2 → P4O10

observation between sulfur and oxygen reaction

burns with blue flame and gives off choking gas

reaction between sulfur and oxygen

S + O2 → SO2

which period 3 element doesn’t react with oxygen

chlorine

structure of sodium oxide

ionic

structure of magnesium oxide,

why does it have a higher m.p. than Na2O

Ionic (higher melting point than Na2O as the Mg2+ions are smaller and higher charged than Na+)

structure of aluminium oxide

ionic solid

why is melting point of aluminium oxide not as high as expected

covalent character due to polarising nature of aluminium ions

structure of silicon oxide

giant covalent solid

structure of phosphorus oxide

simple molecular, solid

structure of sulfur dioxide

simple molecular gas,

bent molecule

structure of sulfur trioxide

simple molecular,

trigonal planar structure

what happens when sodium oxide reacts with water

dissolves

equation between sodium oxide and water

what happens when magnesium reacts with water

slightly soluble

equation between magnesium and water

what happens when aluminium oxide reacts with water

insoluble

why is aluminium oxide insoluble in water

very high lattice enthalpy

what happens when silicon oxide reacts with water

insoluble

why is silicon oxide insoluble in water

lattice of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds which require a lot to break

how does phosphorus oxide react with water

violently

equation between phosphorus oxide and water

how does sulfur dioxide react with water

dissolves

equation between sulfur dioxide and water

how does sulfur trioxide react with water

violently

equation between sulfur trioxide and water

pH of solution formed when sodium oxide reacts with water

14

pH of solution formed when magnesium oxide reacts with water

10

pH when phosphorus oxide reacts with water

0

pH when sulfur dioxide reacts with water

3

pH of solution formed when sulfur trioxide reacts with water

0

name the basic oxides

sodium oxide,

magnesium oxide

name the acidic oxides

silicon oxide,

phosphorus oxide,

sulfur dioxide,

sulfur trioxide

name amphoteric oxides

aluminium oxide

how does sodium oxide react with an acid

as a base

equation between sodium oxide and acid

Na2O + 2H+ → 2Na+ + H2O

equation between magnesium oxide and an acid

reacts as a base,

MgO + 2H+ → Mg²+ + H2O

equation between aluminium oxide and acids

Al2O3 + 6H+ → 2Al³+ + 3H2O

equation between aluminium oxide and alkali

Al2O3 + 2OH- + 3H2O → 2 Al(OH)4^-

equation between silicon oxide and alkali

SiO2 + 2OH- → SiO3²- + H2O

must be concentrated, hot NaOH

conditions for silicon oxide to react with an alkali

must be hot, concentrated NaOH

equation between phosphorus oxide and alkali

P4O10 + 12OH- → 4PO4³- + 6 H2O

equation between sulfur dioxide and alkali

SO2 + 2OH- → 4 PO4³- + 6H2O

equation between sulfur trioxide and alkali

SO3 + 2OH- → SO4²- + H2O