Common paediatric conditions 1

What are paediatrics and the categories?

neonate: under 28 days

Infant: 1 month - 1 year

child:1-18 years

adolescent: 12-18 years

How do paediatric patients differ?

babies and young children cannot explain pain and discomfort

teenagers may be embarrassed

What are febrile convulsions?

Seizures which happen at high temperatures

unlikely to harm but ALWAYS refer

What is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

Common case of cough and colds

Symptoms: runny nose, cough, sneezing, fever and wheezing

babies under 6 months at higher risk

What is bronchiolitis?

Symptoms: runny nose, persistent cough, wheezing, reduced feeding, difficulty breathing.

Treatment for bronchiolitis? red flags?

Community: nasal drops and paracetamol/ibuprofen

Hospital: oxygen support and paracetamol

RED FLAGS: severe shortness of breatg

What is reflux treatment?

very common and could be a sign of cows milk protein allergy

treatment: Feed upright and smaller more frequent feeds

OTC: thickeners mixed with feed or gavison sachets

GP: PPI e.g omeprazole

red flags for reflux?

jaundice, chronic cough and chocking, refusing feeds

What is colic?

When a by cris a lot for no obvious reason

Colic if they cry for more than 3 hours a day, 3 days a week for at least 1 week

Very common

treatment for colic?

Reassurance, cuddle, warm bath, seek medical attention if nothing works

Consipation causes? treatment?

Insufficient fibre and fluid intake

Treatment: improve diet and fluid intake, good toilet hygiene

OTC: laxatives

red flags for constipation?

Persistent symptoms, abdominal pain, blood in stools

Diarrhoea causes? treatment?

Can be caused by virus, food or medication

Oral rehydration solution

Hspital: IV fluid

Advice: keep good fluid intake and good hygiene

red flags for diarrhea?

baby is less than 6 months old

Pain, blood or mucous, signs of dehydration

When does teething occur? what are symptoms?

occurs at around 6 months

symptoms: gums sore and red

mild temperature under 38

rash on face caused by excessive dribbling

chewing on things a lot

not sleeping well

treatment for teething?

analgesics, teething toys, soft fruits for babies over 6 months old

symptoms for coughs, colds and infections?

Symptoms: Runny nose, sneezing, cough, fever

treatment and red flags for coughs, colds and infections?

Depends on age

analgesics and nasal drops

RED FLAGS: croup - distinctive barking cough refer to gp or ae