Bone and Muscle Anatomy Review

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to bone and muscle anatomy, providing definitions and functions.

Types of bones

Flat, Sesamoid, Short, Long, Irregular.

Human skeleton

Contains 206 bones, with 80 in the axial skeleton.

Cervical vertebrae

7 bones that form the neck, with C1 as atlas and C2 as axis.

Thoracic vertebrae

12 bones located in the upper and middle parts of the back.

Lumbar vertebrae

5 bones in the lower back.

Sacrum

5 fused vertebrae located in the pelvis.

Coccyx

Tailbone made up of fused vertebrae.

Pectoral girdle

Consists of the scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collarbone).

Humerus

The long bone of the arm running from shoulder to elbow.

Ulna and Radius

Forearm bones; ulna is medial and longer; radius is lateral and thicker.

Carpals

8 small bones that make up the wrist.

Metacarpals

Bones in the middle of the hand (palm).

Phalanges

Bones of the fingers.

Pelvic girdle components

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis, and Acetabulum.

Femur

The largest and strongest bone in the body.

Patella

The kneecap.

Tibiae

The medial bone of the lower leg, 2nd largest and strongest bone.

Fibula

The outside, slender bone of the lower leg.

Tarsals

Bones at the base of the foot/ankle.

Adduction

Movement toward the body.

Abduction

Movement away from the body.

Erector spinae

Muscle group that extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column.

Gluteus Maximus

Strong hip extensor muscle, supports knee.

Quadriceps action

All parts extend the knee.

Hamstrings

Group of muscles that flex the knee and extend the hip.

Pectoralis major

Adducts and medially rotates the humerus.

Rotator cuff

Muscle group consisting of Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis.

Biceps brachii

Muscle that flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

Triceps Brachii

Muscle that extends the elbow and shoulder.