Module 13 and 14 Canvas Quiz Review

What are the four layers of tissues found in along the entire GI tract?

A mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosal

B mucosa, submucosa, hypermucosa, serosal

C mucosa, muscularis, epithelial, serosal

D No answer text provided.

A mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosal

Where are the enteric plexuses located?

A The enteric plexuses are located in the submucosa and muscularis layers of the GI tract.

B The enteric plexuses are located in the submucosa and mucosal layers of the GI tract.

C The enteric plexuses are located in the mucosal and epithelial layers of the GI tract.

D No answer text provided.

A The enteric plexuses are located in the submucosa and muscularis layers of the GI tract.

What best describes the function of the lesser omentum?

A it suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver

B it attaches the liver to the diaphragm

C it holds the intestines loosely in place

D No answer text provided.

A it suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver

What stimulus does not activate the neurons of the enteric plexuses?

A increased stimulation by thoracic autonomic nerves

B the presence of food in the gut

C the presence of chemicals in food

D No answer text provided.

A increased stimulation by thoracic autonomic nerves

What activates salivary amylase?

A chloride ions

B bicarbonate ions

C hydrogen ions

D No answer text provided.

A chloride ions

Based on dentition alone, what would humans best be categorized?

A omnivore

B carnivore

C herbivore

D No answer text provided.

A omnivore

Where are the deglutition centers in the brain?

A medulla oblongata

B thalamus

C cerebellum

D No answer text provided.

A medulla oblongata

What is not a function of the stomach?

A secretes the hormones gastrin and trypsin

B secretes gastric juice to kill bacteria in food

C mixes saliva, food, and gastric juice to form chime

D No answer text provided.

A secretes the hormones gastrin and trypsin

What might happen if the parietal cells of the stomach did not function properly?

A digestive enzymes of the stomach would not work

B the stomach would become too acidic

C gastrin would not be produced

D No answer text provided.

A digestive enzymes of the stomach would not work

What is the role of carbon dioxide in the parietal cells of the stomach?

A Carbon dioxide is used to make hydrogen ions which decrease the pH of stomach contents.

B Carbon dioxide activates pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, in the stomach.

C Carbon dioxide increases the absorption of short chain fatty acids in the stomach.

D No answer text provided.

A Carbon dioxide is used to make hydrogen ions which decrease the pH of stomach contents.

What best describes the role of the pancreas in digestion?

A The pancreas acts as an exocrine organ in digestion.

B The pancreas acts as an endocrine organ in digestion.

C Then pancreas acts directly in the absorption process during digestion.

D No answer text provided.

A The pancreas acts as an exocrine organ in digestion.

What is a major component in bile?

A degraded heme proteins

B carbon dioxide

C albumin

D No answer text provided.

A degraded heme proteins

What can occur if the liver does not process the components of aged blood cells properly?

A jaundice

B hepatitis

C toxic shock syndrome

D No answer text provided.

A jaundice

Which cells secrete lysozyme within the small intestine?

A Paneth cells

B goblet cells

C enteroendocrine cells

D No answer text provided.

A Paneth cells

Where are most large short-chain fatty acids absorbed into the body?

A intestinal lacteals

B stomach capillaries

C intestinal capillaries

D No answer text provided.

A intestinal lacteals

What would happen if the absorptive cells of the small intestine did not secrete brush border enzymes?

A protein degradation and absorption would be impaired*

B lipids degradation and absorption would be impaired

C chances of bacterial infections would be increased

D No answer text provided.

A protein degradation and absorption would be impaired*

Where is the appendix located?

A The appendix is located between the small and large intestine.

B The appendix is located between the duodenum and the ileum of the small intestine.

C The appendix is located between the stomach and the small intestine.

D No answer text provided.

A The appendix is located between the small and large intestine.

What is a role of the bacteria in the large intestine?

A bacteria produce needed vitamins that get absorbed

B bacteria stimulate haustral contractions

C bacteria produce bicarbonate needed to buffer acidic chyme in the intestines

D No answer text provided.

A bacteria produce needed vitamins that get absorbed

Which substrate is the major substrate used for energy (ATP) production?

A glucose

B albumin

C phosphotidylserine

D No answer text provided.

A glucose

Which is not a true statement?

A When glucose is depleted the body will use fatty acids as the major source to make energy.

B When glucose is depleted the body will use vitamins as the major source to make energy.

C When glucose is depleted the body will mainly use proteins as the major source to make energy.

D No answer text provided.

A When glucose is depleted the body will use fatty acids as the major source to make energy.

The word part –pyr/o can be best defined as _____________.

fire, fever

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

A Free fatty acids and glycerol are converted into triglycerides.

B Starches and glycogen are converted into glucose.

C Two glucose molecules are converted into maltose.

D Tryptophan and histidine are converted into a peptide.

B Starches and glycogen are converted into glucose.

The end products of cellular respiration are

A pyruvic acid and oxygen

B carbon dioxide and water

C water and glucose

D lactic acid and pyruvic acid

B carbon dioxide and water

The anaerobic phase of metabolism yields how many ATP molecules per glucose?

A 32

B 36

C 6

D 2

D 2

The situation that describes the measurement of basal metabolism is

A Ms. J measures her energy output while jogging.

B Ms. G measures her energy output while eating popcorn.

C All of the answers are correct.

D Mr. D measures his energy requirements while he is sleeping.

D Mr. D measures his energy requirements while he is sleeping.

The compound that generates ATP without further digestion is

A starch

B cellulose

C glycogen

D glucose

D glucose

Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A stearic acid

B acorbic acid

C linoleic acid

D amino acid

C linoleic acid

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to the relative caloric content of different nutrients?

A Sugars yield more energy per gram than fats or proteins.

B Fats yield more energy per gram than sugars or proteins.

C Proteins yield more energy per gram than fats or sugars.

D Proteins, fats, and sugars yield the same amount of energy per gram.

B Fats yield more energy per gram than sugars or proteins.

Which of the following describes an essential amino acid?

A It cannot be used for energy.

B It can be synthesized in the body.

C All of the answers are correct.

D It must be ingested in the diet.

D It must be ingested in the diet.

The mineral found in hemoglobin is

A zinc

B sodium

C calcium

D iron

D iron

Which of the following is a mineral?

A folate

B cobalt

C biotin

D calciferol

B cobalt

Which of the following is vitamin B2?

A riboflavin

B folate

C thiamin

D retinol

A riboflavin

Deficiency in which of the following causes rickets?

A calcium

B vitamin D

C calciferol

D All of the answers are correct.

D All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following represents conventional nutritional guidelines for daily caloric intake?

A 55% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 15% fat

B 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 30% fat

C 33% fat, 33% carbohydrate, 33% protein

D 60% protein, 20% fat, 20% carbohydrate

B 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 30% fat

The agency that develops dietary guidelines for the United States is the

A United States Department of Agriculture

B National Institutes of Health

C Food and Drug Administration

D Occupational Safety and Health Administration

A United States Department of Agriculture

Which of the following would most likely result in the least increase in blood glucose when consumed?

A one half-cup of white rice

B six hard candies

C a slice of white toast

D one sweet potato

D one sweet potato

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate?

A starch

B glucose

C sucrose

D lactose

A starch

The phrase that describes saturated fats is

A are usually solid at room temperature

B are always derived from plants

C can be hydrogenated to form trans fatty acids

D All of the answers are correct.

A are usually solid at room temperature

Which of the following statements about alcohol is TRUE?

A Alcohol is a nutrient.

B All of the statements are true.

C Alcohol metabolism does not yield energy.

D Alcohol interferes with the activity of liver enzymes.

D Alcohol interferes with the activity of liver enzymes.

Which of the following most likely leads to the edema associated with severe malnutrition?

A cirrhosis

B lack of vitamin D

C bulimia

D blood albumin deficiency

D blood albumin deficiency

Most body heat lost through the

A lungs

B feces

C skin

D urine

C skin

Which of the following is NOT a process for heat loss from the body?

A evaporation

B radiation

C conduction

D oxidation

D oxidation

Which of the following is an example of heat loss by conduction?

A not wearing a hat on a cold day

B applying an ice pack to a sore muscle

C sweating on a hot day

D standing in the path of a fan

B applying an ice pack to a sore muscle

Which of the following is a typical normal body temperature?

A 37°F

B 97°C

C 25°C

D 37°C

D 37°C

What would a body temperature of 99°F most likely induce?

A shivering

B None of the answers are correct.

C constriction of skin arterioles

D sweating

D sweating

The large gland located on either side of the larynx is the

A pituitary gland

B parathyroid gland

C adrenal gland

D thyroid gland

D thyroid gland

The islets of Langerhans are found in the

A adrenal gland

B kidney

C pancreas

D pituitary gland

C pancreas

Cortisol is produced by the

A adrenal cortex

B pancreas

C thyroid gland

D adrenal medulla

A adrenal cortex

Which of the following is a gonadotropic hormone?

A aldosterone

B luteinizing hormone

C testosterone

D oxytocin

B luteinizing hormone

Which of the following hormones is synthesized in the posterior pituitary?

A melatonin

B None of the answers are correct.

C growth hormone

D antidiuretic hormone

B None of the answers are correct.

The target tissues for oxytocin are the

A pituitary and hypothalamus

B breasts and pineal gland

C thyroid and parathyroids

D uterus and breasts

D uterus and breasts

Which of the following is NOT a product of the adrenal gland?

A aldosterone

B cortisol

C progesterone

D epinephrine

C progesterone

The adrenal medulla responds to stimulation by the

A hypothalamus

B somatic nervous system

C pituitary

D sympathetic nervous system

D sympathetic nervous system

An example of a mineralocorticoid is

A glucagon

B aldosterone

C testosterone

D cortisol

B aldosterone

The stalk connecting the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is called the

A anterior lobe

B hypophysis

C pituitary cortex

D infundibulum

D infundibulum

Ketoacidosis is a metabolic disorder associated with

A diabetes mellitus

B tetany

C Hashimoto thyroiditis

D Graves disease

A diabetes mellitus

Diabetes insipidus results from a lack of

A glucagon

B calcitonin

C aldosterone

D antidiuretic hormone

D antidiuretic hormone

Mr. R is 54 years old. For the past two years, he has suffered from high blood sugar, frequent urination, and thirst. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A hypoglycemia

B type 1 diabetes mellitus

C diabetes insipidus

D type 2 diabetes mellitus

D type 2 diabetes mellitus

Local hormones produced by most body tissues are

A pituitary hormones

B protein hormones

C steroids

D prostaglandins

D prostaglandins

A hormone that increases sodium loss and lowers blood pressure is

A atrial natriuretic peptide

B antidiuretic hormone

C aldosterone

D calcitonin

A atrial natriuretic peptide

An emergency treatment for anaphylaxis is

A growth hormone

B epinephrine

C cortisol

D insulin

B epinephrine

Oral contraceptives contain

A estrogen and progesterone

B testosterone and progesterone

C estrogen and aldosterone

D testosterone and estrogen

A estrogen and progesterone

The suffix -poiesis means

A swelling

B milk

C sodium

D forming

D forming

A word ending for a hormone that controls another gland is

A -nephrin

B -megaly

C -tropin

D -poiesis

C -tropin

Nephromegaly is

A excess adrenal growth

B adrenal atrophy

C insufficient kidney growth

D enlargement of the kidney

D enlargement of the kidney