MD401 - T13 - Introduction to Infection control

Blood-Borne Viruses Transmission - High Risk Virus

HBV

Major Blood-borne pathogens (4)

HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Syphilis

PEP for HIV - start and duration

start within 72 hrs, and continue for 28 days

Needle stick injury - steps

1. wash the wound with soap and water or 4% chlorhexidine

2. 70% alcohol

3. don’t squeeze or press wound

If blood splashes in eyes

use normal saline

If blood splashes in mucous membrane

rinse with clean water

If blood splashes in mouth

spit fluid out, rinse mouth and gargle

what to prevent?

hepatitis b vac, mmr vaccine, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, influenze, varicella

Normal handwashing - time

10 seconds

Hygenic handwashing - time

30 seconds

surgical handwashing - time

2 - 5 minutes

Dry handwashing - time and how

3-5 ml of solution and scrub hands for 30 seconds

Dry handwashing - precaution

• not for hand contaminated with blood or body luid

• not for C. difficile spore

Airborne Isolation - pathogen

• Tb

• Measle

• Chicken pox

• Small pox

• Disseminated Herpes Zoster

• SARS-CoV-2

• Mpox

Droplet precaution - pathogen

• Diphtheria,

• Influenza

• Rubella

• Pertissis

• Mumps

• Invasive N.menigitidis

• Invasive H.influenzae

• Parvovirus

• SARS-CoV-2

mostly viral except from diphtheria

Droplet Precaution - what to do

avoid contact of conjunctica and mucus mb. (nose mouth)

• from sneezing coughing talking

droplet precaution - mask

surgical mask

airborne precaution - mask

N95

Contact Precaution - what

touching contam surface or equipment, or cantaminated boy fluid or surface

contact isolation - pathogen

MRSA, VRW, Clostridium difficile, Carbapenem-resistance Gram-negative bacteria, Scabies, Lices, Herpes Simplex Zoster

Discontinuation of contact precaution - general MDR

at least 1 negs f/u culture after 7 days of treatment

CRE, VRE, CoRo

Carbapenem, Vancomycin, Colistin

Discontinuation of contact precaution - CRE, VRE, CoRo

at least 2 negs weekly f/u culture at infected/colonized sites

Discontinuation of contact precaution - C.difficile

7 days or above therapy + no diarrhea

COVID-19 - Routine - Isolation type

Droplet + Contact isolation

Covid-19 - Pt with Procedure - Isolation type

Aerosol-generating procedures