history of design final

space

The size and shape of an interior that is to be designed

Sound is an important aspect as well

Form

Refers both to overall shape of the space and the objects to be placed inside

light

The amount, type, and balance of both natural and artificial light in a space

color

Primary and secondary colors, as

well as tone

line

Essentially, the outline of the space, often thought of in terms of horizontal and vertical

pattern

Repeating forms, lines, objects, etc.

These are readily found in nature (think of leaves)

texture

Not only the sense of touch, but the interaction between light, color, and pattern

balance and alignment

Symmetry and Formality

Asymmetry and Informality

Radial Balance—a focal point somehwere in the room around which everything is focused

emphasis

Similar to a radial balance, but is more generally something that demands attention, and not

necessarily the thing around which everything else is organized

Can be an artwork, type of texture, etc.

contrast

The most striking of the principles to help define a space

Normally, less is more

Typically, one selects a bold color, and then pairs it with a color on the opposite side of the color

wheel

unity and harmony

Cohesion between the materials, shapes, and textures of the objects in a room

Coordinating these objects for a sense of integrated design

rythym

Decorative repetition that catches the eye

Use one consistent finish, or pairing of cabinetry with counter tops that is consistent

proportion and scale

How do the objects fit within a room?

Essentially, the relationship between two objects

The Golden Ratio: 𝑎

𝑏 = 𝑎+𝑏

𝑎 = 1.618

Rule of Thirds—typically leave the object of focus on the right or left

Reflection can count

details

These are the finishing touches

Typically what makes a room truly unique

Baghdad

Originally designed as a circular city

built walls around to help aid flooding

Mongols burnt city to the ground

Principles of Urban Design

Sustainability

Accessibility

Open Space

Adaptability

Density

Diversity

Connectivity

eristic

play along with a person’s idea so you can tear apart their reasoning

be conscious, this can ruin relationships

dialectic

conversate with each other to come to a mutual agreement

not focused on personally winning

choose this

semantics

meaning of words, phrases, and sentences—how language conveys ideas

Brief History of US City Planning (video)

• first cities in east coast and southwest

• cities grew fast bc of factories (people wanted jobs)

  • overcrowded and polluted

• sewage system help

  • every city had one by 1807

• lower east side=most populated

City Beautiful Movement

• taking open space and making a small garden

• make housing look more cottage-esk

• zoning pushed houses away from businesses

  • creates need for transportation, food deserts

Paris

• expanded rapidly

• highway around city

• canals reroute seine river that goes through town

• completely renovated in 1850/1860

  • biggest urban renovation - 60% of architecture deRstroyed

Regulation of land use video

• hierarchy: residential (top), commercial (middle), industrial (bottom)

• many different zoning codes in the US

  • 80% of US cities have non-hierarchical zoning

• Germany

  • commercial and residential mix

• UK

  • case-by-case evaluation

• France

  • must follow strict regulations when building (form-based code)

• US

  • loser zoning code would allow for more corner stores