Bio Test #2

Superior Vena Cava

drains blood from upper body

Antibody

identifies and neutralizes foreign substances

antigen

substance which induces an immune response in the body

aorta

ductus arteriosus

Shunts mixed blood from the pulmonary artery into the aorta

atrioventricular valve

connects atrium to ventricle

AV node

delays signals from atria to allow ventricles to fill properly

capillary-tissue fluid exchange

movement of water and solutes between blood and tissues

carotid artery

chordae tendineae

connects AV valves to ventricular muscle

coronary artery

provides blood to heart muscle

coronary vein

returns blood from heart muscle

fetal circulation

hepatic portal vein

carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract and other organs to the liver

hepatic vein

carries blood from liver to vena cava

hypertension

chronic condition where blood pressure is consistently too high

hypotension

chronic condition where blood pressure is consistently too low

iliac artery

iliac vein

drains deoxygenated blood from lower limbs and pelvic organs

jugular vein

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from lung

left ventricle

pumps blood to the body

mesenteric artery

supplies blood to pancreas and intestines

foramen ovale

Shunts oxygenated blood directly from the right atrium to the left atrium

plasma

the pale-yellow, liquid component of blood

platelet

cell fragments essential for blood clotting

inferior vena cava

drains blood from lower body

pulmonary artery

transports deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs

pulmonary trunk

pulmonary vein

transports oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

purkinje fibers

wiring in the heart's electrical conduction system

erythrocyte

red blood cell

renal artery

supplies kidney with blood

renal vein

drains kidneys of deoxygenated blood

right atrium

recieves deoxygenated blood from body

right ventricle

pumps blood into lungs

SA node

heart’s pacemaker

semi-lunar valves

preventing blood backflow into the ventricles from major arteries

aortic valve

ensures one way blood flow to the body from heart

pulmonary valve

ensures one way blood flow to the lungs from heart

septum

separates left and right sides of heart

subclavian artery

provides oxygenated blood to upper body

subclavian vein

returns deoxygenatd blood from upper body

systolic blood pressure

pressure in arteries when the heart contracts and beats

umbilical artery

transports deoxygenated blood and waste from the fetus to the placenta

umbilical vein

carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

valve

regulates one-way flow in blood vessels

vein

carries blood back towards heart

ductus venosus

shunts oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava bypassing the liver

leukocyte

white blood cell

protection, regulation, transportation

3 main functions of blood

placenta

transporting nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, removing waste products, transferring between mother’s blood and fetus’ blood

sympathetic nervous system

branch of the autonomic nervous system that controls the body's rapid "fight-or-flight" response to stress, danger, or exercise

parasympathetic nervous system

division of the autonomic nervous system that promotes “rest and digest” activities

extrinsic control

regulation of heart rate and contractility from outside the heart

electrocardiogram

test that records the heart's electrical activity

pericardium

membrane that encloses the heart