Mock exams

At approximately what vertebral level is the pancreas

L1- L2

which magnet arrangement would create a more confined radiation beam

270 degrees

what is the maximum dose allowed for gestation

0.5 rem

what is the most clinical presentation for endometrial cancer

post menopausal bleeding

giving a malnourished patient nutrients through IV is known as

hyperalimentation

when adjacent fields are used to treat deep tumors the fields should be:

separated on skin and overlap at depth to ensure adequate radiation coverage.

The output of a 7 MeV electron beam 12×12 cm field is 1.01 cGy/MU. Calculate the monitor units required to deliver 250 cGy to the depth of the 90% dose line.

275 MU

How many cobalt sources are contained in the gamma knife unit

201

What thickness of cerrobend would be equivalent to 5cm of lead cerrobend

6cm

electron beams are useful in radiation therapy primary because they

have a definite range in tissue, making them useful in the treatment of superficial tumors while sparing deeper tissues from excessive radiation.

backscatter factor depends on

energy

field size

the clavicle and 1st rib articulate with the

manubrium of the sternum

The distance between the entrance and exit points for parallel opposed ports would be the

inter-field distance or patient separation

to achieve a neutral head position for a large patient with large barrel chest the therapist may use

a high headrest

The vertex field is best treated with the chin_

flexed

carbon fiber is used for the treatment couch due to its

radiolucency

low attenuation

Avogadro’s number

6.0228 × 10 ²³

dose to the lumpectomy site typically ranges from

40-50 Gy

the depth of the 80% dose line for a clinical electron beam energy is given by

1/3

the adrenal glands are at about the level of

12th thoracic vertebrae

which of the filling imaging modalities is NOT an example of functional imaging?

CT

If the threshold energy of 1.022 MeV is not presented for beta plus decay to occur then a nucleus with an excess number of protons will release energy by

electron capture , an electron is captured by the nucleus and a proton is converted to a neutron

chemical agents released by some bacteria triggering fever

pyrotoxins

the main reason for tattooing is to indicate

treatment fields

brachial plexopathy is a possible adverse effect following high dose irradiation to the

supraclavicular fossa

medication used to reduce the possibility of clots

heparin

the electric and magnetic fields are _ to one another

perpendicular

signs of dehydration

poor skin turgor

decreased urination

slowed wound healing

half life for radon is

4 days

a rare genetic disorder that is asscciated with squamous cell esophagus cancer seen in familial clusters

tylosis

a patients who is in cardiac arrest is a level_on the karnofsky performance scale

0

what is the energy threshold for triplet production

2.044

the ratio of dose at depth in tissue to the dose at electronic equilibrium an the beam axis is known as the

pdd

late effects can develop from severe acute effects

no

shielding design and materials should reduce patient, personnel and public exposure to

primary and secondary radiation

scan and couch positional accuracy for CT planning must be

2mm

the back pointer is used to

indicate beam exit point

LET is measured inn units of

Kev/ micrometer

during treatment of the thorax the arm portion should be

consitant through treatment course, arms can be down for some treatments

rotational arc treatment/ monitor units are calculated using the

TAR method

A type of blood cell that has no nucleus and biconcave shape is the

erythrocytes

mold therapy is appropriate in superficially located tumors in the

oral cavity

skin

eyes (orbital tumors)

for breast irradiation, internal mammry lymphatic would be best treated using

an anterior electron field

is increased temperature a sign or symptom of shock

no

the shape of the isodose curves depends largely on

field size

flattening filters

the most definitive treatment for colon cancer is

surgical resection of the tumor.

most common location for Ewing sarcomas is

pelvis

the most common rectal temp in adults

99.6

the most common oral temp in adults is

98.6

there are how many joules in 1 electron volt

1.6×10^19

an immobilization device constructed by use of chemical agents

alpha cradle

if the upper mantle is treated the arms may be elevated above the head or positioned akimbo in order to move the

axillary nodes away from the thorax

the iliac crest is a good landmark for the level of the

4th lumbar vertebrae

acute effects following TBI include

nausea

vomitting

orthostatic hypotension

mucositis

diarrhea

parotiditis

the normal range for LDR brachytherapy is

0.5 to 2 gy/minute

which interaction with matter occur independently of atomic number

Compton scattering

the process of modifying the beam profile to optimize the dose distribution throughout treatment volume is called

instenity modulation.

The dose rate has been increased from 250 MU/minute to 350 MU/minute to administer a large dose for a patient with keloids. If you neglect to change the dose rate back, every patient following will receive:

dose in a shorter time

dose rate at a faster rate will decrease or increase treatment time?

decrease

what is the target margin for SRS treatments

there are generally no target margins

A patient begins to collapse. you allow her to slowly slip to the floor what is the appropriate next action

shake the patient and shout name to assess consciousness and stimulate response.

If the pituitary gland is treated using a three-field technique, including laterals and vertex fields, wedges will likely be used in:

the lateral fields to achieve dose distribution.

When caring for a patient who is unconscious, it is important to make sure that:

airway remains clear

Wedge angle refers to:

the angle at which an isodose curve at a specific depth is tilted as a result of the wedge being inserted in the beam

chemo drug known to cause hearing loss

cisplatin

Accidental needle stick injuries could lead to transmission of:

hep b

Which of the following would be considered a typical α/β ratio for early responding tissue?

Around 10 Gy

Beam symmetry and flatness are defined over what percentage of the field?

Typically 80-90% of the field

A good surface landmark to approximate the apex of the lung is the:

clavicle.

When the patient is positioned supine with feet in toward the gantry, and the digital readout is 340 degrees, the proper beam projection would be called:

LAO

The tail of the pancreas is located:

hilum of the spleen

isodose curves would shift away from the skin surface for underlying:

lung

air cavities

While treating early to mid-stage vulvar cancer, the patient may be positioned in the frog-legged position in order to avoid:

inguinal folds excessive skin irritation.

1 roentgen in air is equal to:

2.58 x 10^-4 C/kg

The image intensifier converts:

an X-ray image into a light image at the input screen

During total central nervous system irradiation, the patient is typically:

prone with the chin slightly extended

If the electron energy selected is 12 MeV, this energy selected indicates the:

maximum energy of electrons in the beam

The term used to define the area on the surface of the patient on which radiation is incident is the:

target volume

Treatment machine accessories composed of dense metal should be kept at least_______cm away from the patient's skin surface

15 cm

Fine needle aspiration can be used for bone biopsy. What is the main disadvantage of this procedure?

The histological architecture of the bone might not be preserved.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is based on imaging with photons produced in:

annihilation of positrons by electron

Bone metastasis to the thoracic spine is often managed using________treatment field(s).

a single treatment field

Epilation may be defined as:

the removal of hair from the skin.

Patients who receive total body irradiation at an early age may develop a second cancer such as:

osteochondroma

Co-60 and Co-57 are elements that have:

the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

A glioma spreads primarily by way of:

the infiltration of surrounding brain tissue.

Your patient has had a left modified radical mastectomy and complains of swelling in her left arm especially after increased activity. She is likely showing signs of:

lymphedema caused by axillary node resection

The factors to consider for the thickness of protective barriers include distance, occupancy, and:

workload and use

Indian club needles have:

one hot end

An early complication of Iodine 131 administration is:

acute radiation sickeness

normal platelet count around

400,000

that maximum allowable transmission through MLC is

5%

light field and radiation field should be checked

monthly

Measuring the heart rate by using a stethoscope over the patient's heart is an assessment of the:

apical pulse

Compared to water, the density of bone is:

1.65 to 1.85

A form of anticancer therapy that uses the body's own immune system will often require the production of:

monoclonal antibodies

Which artery is most often used to manually take the pulse in the ambulatory adult?

radial

A tumor that can be completely eradicated by radiation is known to be:

Radiocurable

tissue inhomogeneities that may alter dose distribution would include

air cavities

lung

fat

bone

if you need to help the patient with the use of a bed pan, the following must be observed

privacy must be respected

clean gloves should be used to remove the bed pan