RESPATORY SYSTEM - TEAS

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Gas exchange between air and blood

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

Warms, humidifies, and filters incoming air

What do nasal hairs do?

Trap large particles entering the respiratory tract

What are cilia?

Microscopic hair

What is the pharynx?

Common passageway for food and air

What is the larynx?

Voice box located between the pharynx and trachea

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Prevents food from entering the trachea

What is the trachea?

Airway supported by cartilage rings

Why are cartilage rings important?

They keep the trachea open

What are the primary bronchi?

Two branches from the trachea entering each lung

What are secondary bronchi?

Branches of the primary bronchi

What are tertiary bronchi?

Smaller branches of the secondary bronchi

What are bronchioles?

Small airways leading toward alveoli

What are terminal bronchioles?

The last structures of the conducting zone

What are respiratory bronchioles?

The first structures of the respiratory zone

What are alveolar ducts?

Tubes leading into alveolar sacs

What are alveolar sacs?

Clusters of alveoli resembling grapes

What are alveoli?

Microscopic air sacs where gas exchange occurs

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Three lobes

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Two lobes

What is the cardiac notch?

An indentation in the left lung that accommodates the heart

What is the conducting zone?

Area that warms, humidifies, and filters air

Which structures are in the conducting zone?

Trachea, bronchi, and terminal bronchioles

What is anatomical dead space?

Area where no gas exchange occurs

What is the respiratory zone?

Area where gas exchange occurs

Which structures are in the respiratory zone?

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Where does oxygen diffuse?

From alveoli into blood

Where does carbon dioxide diffuse?

From blood into alveoli

What surrounds the alveoli?

Capillaries

What is hemoglobin?

Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

What is ventilation?

Movement of air in and out of the lungs

What is perfusion?

Blood flow through pulmonary capillaries

What is ventilation-perfusion matching?

Balance between airflow and blood flow

What is the primary muscle of breathing?

Diaphragm

What are intercostal muscles?

Muscles located between ribs

What is the thoracic cavity?

Chest cavity containing the lungs

What is inspiration?

Inhalation of air

What is expiration?

Exhalation of air

Is inspiration active or passive?

Active

Is expiration active or passive?

Usually passive

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?

It contracts and flattens

What happens to the external intercostals during inspiration?

They contract and lift the rib cage

What happens to thoracic volume during inspiration?

It increases

What happens to pressure during inspiration?

It decreases inside the lungs

What happens to air during inspiration?

Air flows into the lungs

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration?

It relaxes and domes upward

What happens to thoracic volume during expiration?

It decreases

What happens to pressure during expiration?

It increases inside the lungs

What happens to air during expiration?

Air flows out of the lungs

What is forced expiration?

Active exhalation using abdominal muscles

What is normal blood pH?

Approximately 7.4

How does carbon dioxide affect pH?

Increased CO₂ increases acidity

What is hypercapnia?

Excess carbon dioxide in the blood

What is hypoxia?

Low oxygen levels in tissues

What are chemoreceptors?

Sensors that detect changes in CO₂ and pH

What is homeostasis?

Maintaining stable internal conditions

What is hypoventilation?

Inadequate ventilation for body needs

What happens during hypoventilation?

CO₂ increases and O₂ decreases

What is hyperventilation?

Excessive breathing rate and depth

What happens during hyperventilation?

CO₂ decreases and O₂ increases

What is respiratory acidosis?

Acidity caused by excess CO₂

What is respiratory alkalosis?

Alkalinity caused by low CO₂

How does exercise affect breathing?

Increases breathing rate and depth

What is the function of red blood cells in respiration?

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

How does the skeletal system assist respiration?

Ribs protect the lungs

How does the muscular system assist respiration?

Diaphragm and intercostals control breathing

How does the nervous system assist respiration?

Autonomic nervous system regulates breathing