Review of Agricultural History and Practices

These flashcards cover key concepts related to agriculture, trade routes, historical practices, and the impact of various crops and plants throughout history.

Manorialism

A feudal system of economic and political organization based on the lord's manor including the land worked by serfs.

Feudalism

The dominant economic and political system in medieval Europe characterized by a hierarchical structure of land ownership and obligation.

Silk Road

An ancient trade route that connected East and West, playing a significant role in cultural, commercial, and technological exchange.

Chinampas

Artificially raised and flooded fields used for cultivation, particularly in Mesoamerica.

Ethnobotany

The scientific study of traditional knowledge and customs of people concerning plants and their uses.

Ayurvedic texts

Ancient Indian texts that discuss the balance of health, illness, and diet, emphasizing the use of herbs.

Theophrastus

An ancient Greek philosopher known as the founder of Botany for his extensive work on plants.

Psychoactive plants

Plants that have effects on mental states and are often used in medicinal or spiritual contexts.

The Green Revolution

A period of agricultural transformation that increased food production worldwide through modern techniques.

Genetic diversity

The variety of genetic characteristics within a species which is essential for adaptability and survival.

Hybrid plants

Plants bred from two different varieties that often have higher yields but may also have drawbacks.

Opium War

Military conflict between China and Britain during the 19th century over the opium trade.

Teff

A gluten-free grain native to Ethiopia, primarily used to make injera.

Nitrogenous alkaloids

Organic compounds that play a role in the psychoactive effects of certain plants.

Zoonosis

The transmission of diseases between animals and humans, often impacting agriculture and public health.

Fermentation

The process by which sugars are converted to acids, gases, or alcohol using microorganisms.