Med Term Exam 3

Articulation

joint

Ligaments

bone to bone

Tendons

muscle to bone

Skeletal muscle

voluntary, striated

Smooth muscle

internal processes, visceral muscles, involuntary

Cardiac muscle

heart muscle

Leiomyo

smooth muscle

Musculo

muscle

Myo

muscle

Rhabdo

rod shaped, striated

Rhabdomyo

rod shaped/striated muscle

Brachio

arm

Carpo

wrist

Cephalo

head

Cervico

neck, cervix (neck of uterus)

Claviculo

clavicle

Costo

rib

Cranio

cranium

Dactylo

fingers, toes

Humero

humerus

Metacarpo

hand bones

Phalango

bones of fingers and toes

Radio

radiation, radius

Spondylo

vertebrae

Vertebro

vertebrae

Sterno

sternum

Thoraco

chest

Calcaneo

calcaneum, heel bone

Femoro

femur

Fibulo

fibula

Ilio

ilium

Ischio

ischium, lower hip

Lumbo

lower back

Metatars

metatarsus, foot bones

Patello

patella, kneecap

Pelvi

pelvis

Pelvo

pelvis

Podo

foot

Pubo

pubis

Tibio

tibia

Ankylo

stiffness

Arthro

joint

Chondro

cartilage

Fascio

fascia

Fibro

fiber

Kypho

humpback

Lamino

lamina, part of vertebral arch

Lordo

curve

Myelo

bone marrow, spinal cord

Pedo

foot

Scolio

crooked

Synovo

synovial membrane or fluid

Asthenia

weakness

Clasia

to break

Clast

to break

Desis

bonding or fixation of a bone

Malacia

softening

Porosis

porous

Sarcoma

malignant tumor of connective tissue

Fracture

break or crack in a bone

Open/compound fracture

when end of broken bone pierces through the flesh

Closed reduction

repairing a fracture without surgery through manual manipulation

Open reduction

realignment of two broken bones by exposing the fracture during surgery

Arthritis

inflammation of a joint

Rheumatoid arthritis

systemic disease characterized by inflammation changes in joints caused by an autoimmune disease

Osteoarthritis (DJD)

most common arthritis; progressive and degenerative, when protective cartilage wears down

Crepitation

rubbing, grating, crackling sound when a joint moves

Osteophyte (bone spur)

new bone growth on articular surfaces due to arthritis

Hallux valgus

deformity in which the great toe is laterally angled toward other toes

Carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of median nerve within carpal tunnel

Claudication

limping

Contracture

fibrosis of connective tissue that prevents normal mobility

Crepitation

dry, grating sound caused by bone ends rubbing together

Ganglion cyst

fluid

Gout

joint inflammation caused by uric acid deposits

Herniated disk

rupture of a vertebral disk center

Hypotonia

loss of muscle tone

Myasthenia gravis

chronic progressive disorder with muscle weakness and droopiness

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone, bone marrow, and surrounding tissue

Osteoporosis

loss of calcium and bone tissue

Paget disease

chronic inflammation causing thickened and softened bones

Rickets

osteomalacia in children due to vitamin D deficiency

Spinal curvatures

abnormal deviation of the vertebral column

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Kyphosis

abnormal curvature of the upper spine

Lordosis

abnormal inward curvature of the lower spine

Spondylolisthesis

slipping of a vertebra from its normal position

Spondylosis

degeneration of vertebrae and related tissues

Sprain

overstretching or tearing of ligaments

Strain

overstretching or tearing of muscle or tendon

Subluxation

partial dislocation of a vertebra

Talipes equinovarus

congenital deformity of the feet (clubfoot)

Arthrography

radiographs after contrast injection into a joint

Bone density test

low

Discography

radiological exam of intervertebral disks

Lumbosacral spinal radiography

imaging of lumbar and sacral spine

Myelography

radiography of spinal cord

Bone scintigraphy

nuclear imaging using radionuclide uptake in bone

Amputation

removal of an extremity

Arthrocentesis

puncture of a joint to remove fluid