Reading Quiz #5

This is when a country acts on its own in international affairs without consulting or cooperating with other countries or international organizations.

What is unilateralism?

This is an economic theory where a country tries to increase its wealth and power by controlling trade, especially by exporting more than it imports.

What is mercantilism?

Froman: the global trading system, historically anchored by the WTO is _

dead

Froman: Major powers like the _ and _ have shifted towards unilaterial power based strategie

U.S. and China

Froman: The primary drivers of job losses were _ advancements because of increases of factory productivity

technological

Froman: American factories become too _ and no longer needed as many workers, driven by technological advancements

efficient

Froman: Between 2000 and 2010, nearly _ percent of manufacturing jobs were lost

88

Froman: This is a proposed framework for a new global economic order to replace the multilateral system of the WTO. Relying on a flexible network of smaller coalitions with that are link-minded

What is open plurilateralism?

Froman: Under open plurilateralism, groups of countries come together to adopt _ regarding interests.

standards

Froman: Under open plurilateralism, coalitions remains _; however, the incoming member would have to implement coalitions _

open, standards

Froman: Between 1999 and 2011, this is when a sudden flood of Chinese imports resulted in the loss of two million American jobs

What is the China Shock?

Froman: The mulilaterial trading system began with the…

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Froman: This requires equal treatment of all members.

What is the Most-favored-nation principle?

Froman: These are the raw materials and inputs used by domestic factories to build final products

Whare are intermediate goods?

Froman: When trump slapped _ on intermediate goods, production costs of American firms _

Froman: The rise of _ exposed flaws in WTO because they were insufficient to address state-directed subsidies and state-owned enterprises

China

Froman: U.S. actions have encourged other _ to weaponize trade and expand _ security

countries, national

Froman: The United Stated is recognized as both the _ arhitect of the global rule based trading system and the force currently _ it

original, destorying

Froman: Under the second Trump administration, Trump declared a _ _ and announced _ on dozen of countries

national emergency, tariffs

Froman: Half of US _ are intermediate goods

imports

Froman: the author warns that politicians are currently obsessed over trade wars and tariffs, the impact of _ _ will cause economic disruptions

artifical intelligence

Describe this statement: The multilateral, rules- based global trading system is permanently dead, destroyed by aggressive unilateralism and power politics from both the United States and China. To overcome this, US should build a system based on open plurilateralism.

What is the main argument of Froman’s article?

The 2025 WTO dispute is between _ and _

the United States and Brazil

2025 dispute: The issue is primarily centered on _ challenging massive unilateral tariffs imposed by the _

Brzail, United States

2025 dispute: From the United States to avoid WTO scrunity they rely on _ _

national security

2025 dispute: In April of 2025, the _ implemented a Fair and Reciprocal Plan, which enforced global tariffs

United States

2025 dispute: _ asserts that the United States violated the Most-Favored Nation clause, by giving unequal tariffs on _.

Brazil

2025 dispute: Brazil claims that the United States violated the _ _, which exceeds the maximum tariff

bound rates

2025 Dispute: The United States justified these tariffs be declaring _ _

a national emergency

2025 Dispute: Since tariffs were invoked by national security, the _ was not susceptible to review a dispute settlement

WTO

2025 Dispute: The US claims that every _ member has the _ to determine for itself what measures are necessary to protect its security interests

WTO, authority

Describe this statement: Brazil initiated the dispute at the WTO to challenge unilateral tariffs imposed by the United States

Why did Brazil initiate the dispute?

Describe this statement: Brazil used Most-Favored Nations, Tariff Bindings, and that the US is acting illegally by not seeking international organizations

What are Brazils claims in the 2025 dispute?

Describe this statement: The US responded by shielding actions from the WTO, arguing that tariffs were imposed because of a national emergency and needed to protect national security

How did the United States respond to the 2025 dispute?

WTO conference: The conference in _ is considered a failure because it failed to agree on various issues

Cameroon

Describe this statement: A coalition of 66 countries successfully negotiated a separate, plurilaterial agreement on e-commerce.

What is an example of plurilaterial succeeding?

Important Information: Under the _ every member must agree, which leads to stalements and nations looking towards open plurilateralism.

WTO consensus rule