Chemistry: C4 - metals and non metals

what is an isotope

an element with the same number of protons but different neutrons

what is an ionic bond

a strong electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions

how to calculate the Rf value

spot distance/solvent front

what is a mineral

a naturally occurring element or compound

what is an ore

a rock that has a very high percentage of mineral in it

what is everything above silver in the reactivity series and why

everything above silver is an oxide or a carbonate because it reacts with oxygen or carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

which elements in the reactivity series are ores

everything above silver because they are reactive

what does a native metal mean

a metal that is uncombined in the earths crust

phytomining/extraction

the extraction of copper from areas with low grade ores

phytomining/extraction method

• copper is in the soil

• after some time you burn the soil to get the copper ash

• then do a neutralisation reaction

• ash +acid = salt + water

• then you use electrolysis

bioleaching

using bacteria to make leachate - copper solution

can either displace copper with iron or use electrolysis

what is a metallic bond

a strong electrostatic force between positive ions (cations) and negative electrons

oxidation in terms of oxygen

gain

reduction in terms of oxygen

loss

oxidation =

right side of equation

reduction =

left side of equation

metals half equation

e- goes on the same side as the charge

non-metals half equation

e- goes on the opposite side from the charge

half equation for chloride ions from atoms

Cl2 +2e- —> 2Cl-

half equation for oxide ions from atoms

O2 + 4e- —> 2O2-

phytomining advantage

• no harmful gasses are produced

• conserves supplies

• can extract metals from contaminated soil

bioleaching advantage

• no harmful gasses are produced

• conserves supplies

• doesnt require a high temp

phytomining disadvantage

• very slow

• more expensive

• growing plants depends on weather conditions

bioleaching disadvantage

• very slow

• toxic substances can be produced

• environmental damage

how to calculate moles

grams/rams

what are the 4 stages of life cycle assessment

• extraction

• manufacturing

• lifetime

• disposal