CNS Regeneration and Neurogenesis

Flashcards based on the CNS regeneration lecture notes, covering key concepts, processes, and differences in neurogenesis.

What are the three types of neuronal repair discussed in CNS regeneration?

Regrowth of axons in the PNS, regrowth of damaged neurons, and genesis of completely new neurons.

What role do Schwann cells play in the regeneration of PNS axons?

Schwann cells produce PNS myelin and provide adhesion molecules and neurotrophins after damage.

What is Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) associated with?

CTE is associated with repeated head blows, leading to Tau protein deposition and brain shrinkage.

What causes neuronal death after a stroke?

Stroke causes cell death through oxidative stress and the release of cytokines, leading to apoptotic cell death.

What is excitotoxicity in relation to seizure activity?

Excitotoxicity is neuronal death caused by excessive activation, often due to excess glutamate release during seizures.

What is the function of autophagy in neurons?

Autophagy helps remove damaged organelles and proteins in healthy neurons.

What is the significance of the blood-brain barrier?

The blood-brain barrier filters substances in the blood; if disrupted, it allows immune cells and cytokines to enter the brain.

Where do new neurons originate in adults?

New neurons originate in the olfactory bulb from the ventricle and migrate via the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and from the subgranular zone in the hippocampus.

What is unique about the hippocampus in terms of neurogenesis?

The hippocampus has pluripotent stem cells in the subgranular zone that can become neurons or astrocytes.

How do the neurogenic properties of the olfactory bulb differ from those of the hippocampus?

The olfactory bulb has dopaminergic signaling that supports proliferation and outgrowth, while the hippocampus has a different stem cell population and influences.