Russia 1
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117 Terms
when did the tsarist regime collape
february 1917
no of members of the bolshevik party in 1917
300,000
when was the constituent assembly established
january 1918
how many seats did the bolsheviks win in the constituent assembly
175 seats, 9 million votes
how many seats did the srs win in the constituent assembly
410 seats, 21 million votes
who was the vote stripped from in 1918
'bourgeois classes'
What did Trotsky say to Mensheviks who walked out of constituent assembly 1917
Go where you belong to the ‘ash heap of history’
how did the left wing srs lose influence
walked out of gov in march 1918 to protest the decision to pull out of ww1
when were the bolsheviks renamed the communists
march 1918
lenin's declaration, april 1921
"the place for the mensheviks and the srs is in prison"
how many mensheviks were arrested in the first three months of 1921
5,000
by what date were opposition partes effectively banned
1921
date of the treaty of brest litovsk
1918
why was the treaty of brest litovsk hated by conservatives
lost control of the baltic states
why did lenin sign the treaty of brest litovsk
war was sapping resources and energy
by what date had the bolsheviks defeated the whites
1920
who became commissar for war in 1918
leon trotsky
how many bolshevik soldiers were there by the end of the war
five million
pary membership in 1921
730,000
date of ban on factions
march 1921 (tenth party congress)
date of the kronstadt mutiny
1921
slogan of mutineers in kronstadt mutiny
'soviets without bolsheviks'
date of tambov rising
1920-21
how many bolshevik troops were used to crush the tambov rising
50,000
how often did the politburo meet under lenin
daily
sign of the relative power of party and state
1919 - secret police made directly responsible to the politburo, not sovnarkom
1919 - lenin's comment on personal dictatorship
"utter nonsense"
lenin's official positions
chair of the sovnarkom, member of the politburo
how did lenin pass the treaty of brest litovsk and nep
threatened to resign
when did lenin lose the ability to speak
march 1923
first soviet constitution
1924
who was head of the cheka
dzerzhinsky
when was the cheka formed
dec 1917
how many were executed by the cheka from 1917 - 1923
200,000
no of secret police in dec 1918
40,000
no of secret police in 1921
250,000
when was the cheka replaced by the opgu
1922
Smychka
Alliance between peasantry and workers state during NEP
How accurate is it to say that the main reason for the survival of the Soviet regime 1917-28 was the use of terror
use of terror
structure of govt/ creation of one party state
Popular support
evidence of paranoia in lenin's regime
bim bom the clown
when was stalin appointed general secretary of the party
1922
when did lenin die
january 1924
how did the position of general secretary aid stalin
access to over 26,000 files on party members
how was stalin's position enhanced from 1923-25
lenin enrolment - 500,000 workers recruited - politically naive
sukhanov's description of stalin
'the grey blur'
how did stalin outmanouvre the right
issued 'The Foundations of Leninism' (case for removing nep) accused bukharin of forming factions (had arranged a secret meeting with zinoviev and kamenev in 1928)
result of the cistka of 1932-35
22% of the party removed from their posts
ryutin's criticism of stalin
1932 - accused stalin of building a personal dictatorship in a directive to the central committee
when was kirov murdered
1 dec 1934
who assasinated kirov
nikolayev
when were zinoviev and kamenev brought to trial
january 1935
date of the trial of the sixteen
august 1936
victims of the trial of the sixteen
the left - zinoviev and kamenev
date of the trial of the seventeen
1937
victims of the trial of the seventeen
party officials - radek and pyatakov
trial of the twenty one date
1938
victims of the trial of the twenty one
the right - bukharin and rykov
who was the state prosecutor in stalin's show trials
vyshinsky
vyshinsky's condemnation of kamenev and zinoviev
"shoot these rabid dogs"
dates of purges of the red army
1937, 1938
effects of purges on the red army
14/16 army commanders purged, 35000 officers shot or imprisoned
effects of purges on the navy
all admirals purged
who was yagoda replaced by in 1936
yezhov
how many members of the nkvd did yezhov purge
3000 in 6 months
when was trotsky assassinated
1940
how often did the politburo meet in the mid 1930s
nine times a year
second soviet constitution date
1936
what was different about the constitutions of 1924 and 1936
1924 - kulaks and bourgeoisie denied the vote
1936 - these classes no longer existed, so everyone got the vote
what did the 1936 constitution promise
freedom of press, freedom of religion, garuanteed employment
evidence of limits on stalin's power (ryutin)
stalin wanted to execute ryutin, politburo decided to sentence him to 10 years in a labour camp instead
when did germany invade the soviet union
22 june 1941
how did terror change during ww2
reduced - general like zhukov released from labour camps
stalin's 70th birthday
1949
date of mingrelian affair
1951
how did the mingrelian affair seem to target beria
removed beria's allies in georgia, beria was mingrelian
date of the doctors' plot
january 1953
what was the politburo renamed in 1952
presidium
date of beria's amnesty
27 march 1953
effect of beria's amnesty
one million prisoners released from labour camps
beria arrested
june 1953
date of khrushchev's secret speech
1956
how many political prisoners were released as part of de-stalinisation
two million from 1953 - 1960
how successful was the releasing of political prisoners in de-stalinisation
only 4% of those who appealed for release on political grounds had returned to civilian life by 1955
who tried to remove khrushchev in 1957
the 'anti-party group'
how did khrushchev reduce the power of party officials
1962 - divided the party into agricultural and industrial departments
how did khrushchev threaten the privileges of party officials
introduced a three year limit on tenure
evidence of khrushchev's mood swings
1960 - banged his shoe on a desk at the UN
party membership in 1953
6.9 million
party membership in 1980
17 million
'the congress of silences'
twenty third party conference, 1966
figes on brezhnev's dnepropetrovsk
"what united them was the preservation of the status quo"
evidence of corruption under brezhnev
cotton affair
evidence of brezhnev's gerontocracy
1984 - 7/11 politburo members over 70
when did andropov die
feb 1984
when did chernenko die
march 1985
how much support did the bolsheviks have in moscow and petrograd in 1918 (urban working class vote)
45-50%
how much support did the bolsheviks have in garrisons in the north and western army groups
80%
deurbanisation under state capitalism
1919 - petrograd stood at 30% of original population