EXSS 380- Influence of Feedback on Motor Learning (pt. 1)

what influences motor learning?

the type, amount, and timing of feedback presented

what is inherent feedback?

• movement generated

• generated by actually completing the movement

how is inherent feedback obtained?

naturally by the body

what are the sources of info obtaining sensory info?

• via sensory/afferent information

• vision, audition, proprioception, kinesthesia, etc.

what is augmented feedback?

delivered information regarding performance; what instructors and audience members can provide to the learner

what are the two divisions of augmented feedback?

• knowledge of results (KR)

• knowledge of performance (KP)

define knowledge of results (KR)

post movement feedback about the movement outcome

what are examples of knowledge of results?

• success v. failure

• seeing the basketball go in the hoop or not

define knowledge of performance (KP)

feedback relative to the movement process, or pattern

what are examples of knowledge of perfromance?

• proper technique (rehab/weightlifting)

• elbow position during free throw

• correcting one’s form/process

what has to occur for learning to occur?

knowledge of results; we have to be told if our movement was a success or failure, in order to learn

what are the three influences on knowledge of results?

• precision

• scheduling

• temporal locus

what is precision of KR?

refers to the degree of exactness of of KR

what is the relationship between precision of KR and performance?

the more precise the KR, the greater the performance and learning

what does precision KR infer?

magnitude and direction

what is an example of a precise KR?

you were long by 1 mm

what is important to keep in mind when delivering precise KR?

keep in mind the education/level of understanding of the learners

what are the two subcategories of scheduling KR?

• absolute frequency

• relative frequency

what is absolute frequency of KR?

the number of KR presentations over the course of practice

what is relative frequency of KR?

percentage of practice trials on which KR is presented

draw up a math example of absolute v. relative frequency of KR

• 60 practice trials of which 20 involve presentation of KR

• absolute = 20

• relative = 30%

what is the general results of the Winstein and Schmidt study on frequency of KR?

lesser KR produces greater learning effect

what is the general rule about frequency of KR?

lesser relative frequency of KR enhances learning

why does lesser relative frequency enhance learning?

forces the learner to actively engage in the learning process; getting more cognitive and deeper thinking

what is temporal locus of KR?

when KR should be provided

what is the general rule for temporal locus of KR?

KR delayed interval necessary to promote learning

what does instantaneous KR limit?

interpretation and application

what does KR delay allow for?

allows for the learner to compare and contrast how they felt about the skill in the past, before receiving feedback