Unit 4 - Part 5 - Personality: Trait and Social-Cognitive

Exactly 23 flashcards based on definitions and page numbers related to personality traits, inventories, and social-cognitive theories from the provided transcript.

Trait (549)

A stable/enduring characteristic that influences how a person thinks, feels, and behaves in different situations.

Personality Inventory (552)

A questionnaire designed to assess various personality traits and characteristics.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (549)

Personality inventory that classifies individuals into 16 personality types.

Factor Analysis (550)

A statistical technique used to identify clusters of related traits by analyzing patterns.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (552)

A widely used and empirically validated personality test.

Social Desirability Bias (552)

Individuals respond to personality tests/surveys in a way that presents them in the best light.

Lie Scale for Personality Inventories (552)

A set of questions included in personality assessments to detect dishonesty.

Big Five Factors (553)

A widely accepted model of personality that identifies five core traits that influence behavior.

Openness (B5)

imaginative, curious, and open to new experiences

Conscientiousness (B5)

an organized, responsible, and disciplined person

Extraversion (B5)

outgoing, energetic, and sociable

Agreeableness (B5)

compassionate, cooperative, and trusting

Neuroticism (B5)

negative emotions such as anxiety, insecurity, and emotional instability

Social-Cognitive Perspective (561)

Emphasizes the interaction of cognitive processes, behaviors, environmental influences

Behavioral Approach (561)

Focuses on learned behaviors, reinforcement, and punishment shape personality traits/habits

Reciprocal Determinism (561)

Personality is shaped by the continuous interaction between personal factors (thoughts, feelings), behaviors, and environmental influences.

Self (568)

A person’s identity, self-awareness, and perception of their own abilities, traits, and values.

Spotlight Effect (568)

Tendency for people to overestimate how much others notice and evaluate them.

Self-Esteem (569)

One’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

Dunning-Kruger Effect (570)

A cognitive bias in which individuals with low ability overestimate their competence, while those with high ability tend to underestimate their expertise.

Self-Serving Bias (570)

Attribute successes to personal factors while blaming failures on external factors, helping to maintain self-esteem.

Self-Efficacy (569)

A person’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks.

Narcissism (571)

Excessive self-focus/self-admiration, often accompanied by a lack of empathy and entitlement.