Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering transition metal properties, coordination bond mechanics, ligand classifications, and isomerism types including Cisplatin.

Transition Metals

Elements characterized by high densities, high melting points, variable oxidation States, para magnetism, the formation of Coloured compounds, and a strong tendency to form complexions.

Av and (u)

Exceptions to the general transition metal property of being silvery-white or bluish in color.

Hg

The exception to the high melting point (m.p.) and boiling point (b.p.) characteristic of transition elements.

Os

A transition element with a high density of $22.6$.

r

A metal with a reported density of $22.79/ML$ in the lecture notes.

Ferromagnetic

A property of certain metals such as $fe$, $Ni$, and $Co$ that exhibit strong magnetism.

Group 3B Exceptions

Metals that do not exhibit multiple common oxidation states, including $Sc^{3+}$, $43$, and $La^{3+}$.

Group 2B Exceptions

Metals that do not exhibit multiple common oxidation states, specifically $Zn^{2+}$ and $ca^2$.

Coordinate Covalent Bonds

Bonds where one atom contributes both $e^-$; they are formed when lone pairs from atoms like $N$, $O$, $S$, or $P$ are accepted into empty d orbitals of metal ions.

Ligands

Molecules or long that bind to a metal ion; derived from the term "ligare" meaning "to bind."

Complexion

The structure formed by the combination of a Metal ion and ligands, such as $[Ni(H_2O)_6]$?" which has $6$ $H_2O$ bound to $Ni^{2+}$.

Coordination Compounds

Often brightly coloured substances that can containing a complexion and counterions to balance the charge, or can be neutral.

Cisplatin

A neutral coordination compound with the formula $[Pt(NH_{3})_{2}Cl_{2}]$ that serves as an anticancer agent.

Ligand Names

Naming convention where the suffix "-ide" becomes "-o", such as "hydroxo" for hydroxide.

Coordination Number

The number of coordinate covalent bonds between a metal ion and its ligands.

Monodentate

Ligands that form only one bond with the metal ion.

Bidentate

Ligands that form two bonds with the metal ion.

Chelating Ligands

Polydentate ligands (donating $\\ge 2$ $e^-$ pairs) that "grab" metal ions; named from "chele" meaning claw.

EDTA

A hexadentate ligand that forms $6$ coordinare Covalent bonds, involving $2N$ atoms and $40$ atoms, and encapsulates insoluble metal ions to make them soluble.

ML2 complexes

Complexes with a coordination number of $2$ that exhibit a linear geometry, such as $[Ag(NH_{3})_{2}]$ and $[AuCl_{2}]$.

ML4 complexes

Complexes with a coordination number of $4$ that can have square planar or tetrahedral geometry, such as $[P+(N)]$ or $[Nicla]=$.

ML6 complexes

Complexes with a coordination number of $6$ that have an octahedral geometry, such as $[Fe(H_{2}O)_{6}]$ or $[co(NH_{3}),J3 F$.

Denticity

A term referring to the number of bonds ligands form, such as monodentate or bidentate.

Linkage isomerism

A type of isomerism occurring when some ligands can bind to the metal ion in multiple ways.

Geometric isomerism

Isomerism found in square planar and octahedral complexes where isomers differ in solubility, colour, and m.p.

Cis-isomer

An isomer where ligands are adjacent; specifically, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) acts as an anticancer agent.

Trans-isomer

An isomer where ligands are on opposite sides; the trans-isomer of diammine dichloroplatinum(II) is inactive.

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(In

The specific chemical name for the cis-isomer with the formula $cis-[Pt(NH_{3})_{2}Cl_{2}]$.