Parts of Neuron Functions & Neuroglia Functions

Cell Body

Organizes and keeps the cell functional

Cell Membrane

Protects cell

Nucleus

Controls entire neuron

Dendrites

Receive signals from other cells

Axon Hillock

Generates impulse in neuron

Axon

Transfer signals to other cells and organs

Myelin Sheath

Increases the speed of signal

Nodes of Ranvier

Allow diffusion of ions

Axon Terminal

Forms junctions with other cells

Schwann Cells

Produces myelin sheath

Astrocytes

• Maintain blood- brain barrier

• Controls interstitial environment

• Repairing damaged neural tissue

• Creates 3-D framework for CNS

• Guide neuron development

Miicroglia

• Digest foreign particles/ removing damaged neurons

• Engulf cellular debris, waste products, & pathogens

Ependymal Cells

• Line central canal & ventricles of brain

• CSF production & circulation

Oligodendrocytes

• Myelin production for CNS

• Maintain cellular organization in gray matter

• Produce myelin to completely sheath areas of white matter

Schwann Cells

• Increasing impulse transmission speed

• Cover all peripheral axons, myelinated or not

Satellite Cells

• Nutrient supply & cushion/ protection

• Enclose neuron cell bodies in peripheral ganglia

• Regulate exchange of nutrients & waste products between neuron cell and extracellular fluid