planning take 2

PATHS

CHANNELS ALONG WHICH

OBSERVERS MOVE THROUGH

THE CITY.

EDGES

LINEAR ELEMENTS THAT

FORM BOUNDARIES BUT ARE

NOT USED AS PATHS.

DISTRICTS.

MEDIUM TO LARGE

SECTIONS OF A CITY WITH

A RECOGNIZABLE IDENTITY.

NODES

4. STRATEGIC FOCAL

POINTS WHERE ACTIVITY IS

CONCENTRATED.

LANDMARKS

EXTERNAL REFERENCE

POINTS THAT PEOPLE

CANNOT ENTER BUT USE

FOR ORIENTATION.

ARTIFICIAL EDGES

EDGES CREATED BY

BUILT STRUCTURES SUCH

AS HIGHWAYS OR WALLS.

NATURAL EDGES

EDGES FORMED BY

NATURAL FEATURES SUCH

AS RIVERS OR COASTLINES.

PERCEPTUAL EDGES

EDGES PERCEIVED

THROUGH CHANGES IN LAND

USE OR BUILDING STYLE.

TRANSIT HUB

A NODE THAT SERVES AS

A TRANSPORTATION

CENTER LIKE BUS

TERMINALS OR TRAIN

STATIONS.

INTERSECTION

A NODE FORMED BY THE

CROSSING OF MAJOR ROADS.

SENSED LANDSCAPE

THE CONCEPT THAT

LANDSCAPE RESULTS FROM

INTERACTION BETWEEN

ENVIRONMENT AND

OBSERVER.

SPACE PERCEPTION

THE PERCEPTION OF

OUTDOOR SPACE

INFLUENCED BY MOVEMENT

AND TIME.

HUMAN SCALE

THE RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN THE SIZE OF

SPACE AND THE HUMAN

BODY.

LIGHT

THE FACTOR THAT

SHAPES TEXTURE AND

DEPTH IN LANDSCAPES.

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

LIGHTING USED AT

NIGHT TO CHANGE THE

VISUAL CHARACTER OF A

SPACE.

SOUND

THE SENSORY ELEMENT

THAT HELPS DEFINE THE

SHAPE OF SPACE

ACOUSTICALLY.

ECHO

THE REFLECTION OF

SOUND WAVES WITHIN A

SPACE.

FRAMING

A METHOD OF DIRECTING

VISUAL ATTENTION BY

FRAMING A VIEW.

LAYERING

A VISUAL TECHNIQUE

INVOLVING FOREGROUND,

MIDDLE GROUND, AND

BACKGROUND.

TEXTURE

THE SURFACE QUALITY

OF MATERIALS THAT

AFFECTS TACTILE

PERCEPTION.

WATER

A LANDSCAPE ELEMENT

VALUED FOR MOTION,

REFLECTION, AND SOUND.

SENSE OF TIME

THE IDEA THAT

LANDSCAPES CHANGE OVER

TIME AND SHOULD BE

DESIGNED ACCORDINGLY.

PLANTS/ VEGETATION

THE PRIMARY ELEMENT

OF LANDSCAPE PLANTING.

SITE DETAILS

SMALL SITE

COMPONENTS SUCH AS

BENCHES, LIGHTING, AND

SIGNS.

ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT

DESIGNING SPACES

THAT ALLOW FLEXIBLE USE

FOR DIFFERENT EVENTS.

TOPOGHRAPHY

THE RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN BUILDINGS AND

THE NATURAL LANDFORM.

FORM

THE SYMBOLIC MEANING

CONVEYED BY SHAPES IN

LANDSCAPES DESIGN.

VERTICAL/ HORIZONTAL LINES

LINES THAT MAY

CONVEY STABILITY OR

MOVEMENT DEPENDING ON

ORIENTATION.

SHADOW

THE EFFECT THAT

HELPS DEFINE FORM BY

CONTRAST WITH LIGHT.

ENCLOSURE

THE DESIGN PRINCIPLE

DESCRIBING HOW

BOUNDARIES SHAPE THE

CHARACTER OF SPACE.

CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL

A CITY MODEL WHERE

DEVELOPMENT OCCURS IN

RINGS AROUND A CENTRAL

BUSINESS DISTRICT.

CENTRAL BUSINESS

DISTRICT (CBD)

THE CENTRAL

COMMERCIAL AND BUSINESS

AREA OF A CITY.

SECTOR MODEL

A MODEL WHERE CITIES

GROW OUTWARD ALONG

TRANSPORTATION

CORRIDORS.

ZONE OF TRANSITION

THE ZONE SURROUNDING

THE CBD OFTEN

CHARACTERIZED BY OLDER

HOUSING AND MIXED USES.

URBAN SPRAWL

THE SPREAD OF URBAN

DEVELOPMENT INTO RURAL

AREAS.

MOVEMENT SYSTEM

THE SYSTEM OF ROADS

AND TRANSPORTATION

ROUTES THAT SHAPE URBAN

MOVEMENT.

RECTILINEAR/ GRID

AN URBAN PATTERN

WHERE STREETS

INTERSECT AT RIGHT

ANGLES FORMING

RECTANGULAR BLOCKS.

CONSTELLATION

A CITY LAYOUT WHERE

SERIES OF NEARLY EQUAL-

SIZED CITIES ARE IN

CLOSE PROXIMITY.

CHAUNCY HARRIS AND

EDWARD PULLMAN

WHO PROPOSED THE

MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL?